中印棉业市场上的日英博弈（1894-1937）

发布时间：2018-05-26 19:20

本文选题：日本 + 英国　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：棉纺织工业对于日、英两国来说都曾是支柱性产业之一，只是，对于这两个新老资本主义国家来说，棉工业生产的发展却并非同步。作为最早完成工业革命的老牌资本主义国家，英国的棉纺织工业在很长一段时间里傲居世界首位，占有着世界棉业市场的大部分份额。与之相对，直至20世纪初才完成第一次产业革命的新兴资本主义国家，日本的棉纺织工业起步较晚，不过，发展速度却很快。在1894——1937这40余年的时间里，日英棉纺织工业的实力从英盛日起到英消日长再到英衰日兴，发生了翻天覆地的变化。日本逐渐由英国的好顾客变成英国最强劲的对手，日本的棉工业生产也由自给困难发展到能够在海外市场上与英国进行博弈。尤其是日本在中印棉业市场上所取得的“优异成绩”更是令人瞠目。本文在对英文、日文和中文史料整理和解析的基础上，从日英棉业角逐最为激烈的两个市场——中国和印度入手，梳理了日、英这一新一老资本主义国家棉纺织业力量变化的过程。文章共分为4部分：第一部分对日英近代的棉工业发展及力量之悬殊进行了概述，并论述了第一次世界大战期间日本在中印棉业市场的迅速扩张。由于英国忙于争夺欧洲霸权，无瑕东顾，日本借机吞噬了英国在棉业市场上的大量份额，英国的棉工业优势地位遭遇到前所未有的挑战。第二部分详细论述了日英两国在一战结束后于中印棉业市场上进行博弈的过程。很多兰开夏的商人将他们在世界棉业市场上的损失归咎于战争，认为日本棉制品出口的增长只是暂时性的，当战争结束后，他们仍可以重新获得原有的棉贸易地位。为此，他们进行了种种努力，寻找抑制日本棉纱棉布出口的策略并付诸实施。于是，英日两国间的棉业竞争在主战场——中国和印度对冲式地展开。双方你来我往，互有胜负，硝烟弥漫于运筹帷幄间。第三部分通过对日英两国棉业生产的原料成本、劳工成本、经营管理成本、财务成本等方面的比较，分析了日本棉工业迅速发展与英国棉工业由盛转衰以及日本棉制品能够成功抢夺中国和印度市场的原因。第四部分是对日英棉业实力变化与日英关系变化之间“暗合”的思考。通过回顾日英两国的关系，可以发现，，日英棉业实力悬殊之时，也正是日英关系升温之时，而日英棉业竞争的阶段也恰是日英关系不断降温的阶段。棉纺织工业的实力消长与日英两国关系的变化几乎是同步的。这种不是巧合的暗合，是经济因素对政治策略影响的一个必然。棉工业生产对于日英两国来说，都是其整体经济部门中十分重要的一部分。棉工业实力的消长相应地折射出两国总体经济实力的变化。分析日英棉纺织工业力量的变化，不仅可以帮助我们更好地认识新旧资本主义国家在经济上的发展轨迹，而且能够帮助我们更好地理解同时代日英两国政治外交策略的制定以及日英关系的变化。
[Abstract]:The cotton textile industry has been one of the pillar industries in both Japan and the UK, but for the two new and old capitalist countries, the development of the cotton industry is not synchronized. As the first capitalist country to complete the industrial revolution, the cotton textile industry in the UK has been in the top place in the world for a long time, occupying the world. Most of the world's cotton market share. In contrast to the first industrial revolution in the emerging capitalist countries until the beginning of twentieth Century, the cotton textile industry in Japan started late, but the speed of development was very fast. In the 1894 - 1937 years, the strength of the Japanese cotton textile industry began from the British sun to the UK and Japan. Japan has gradually changed from good British customers to Britain's strongest rivals in Britain, and Japan's cotton industry has developed from self-sufficiency to the ability to game with the UK in overseas markets.
On the basis of the compilation and analysis of English, Japanese and Chinese historical materials, this paper, starting with the two most intense markets in Japan and Britain - China and India, combed the process of changing the strength of cotton textile industry in Japan and the new old capitalist countries. The article is divided into 4 parts: the first part is the development of the cotton industry in Japan and Britain in modern times. As well as the rapid expansion of the Chinese Indian cotton market during the first World War, the United Kingdom has been busy scramble for European hegemony and unflawed, and Japan engulfed a lot of Britain's share in the cotton market, and the dominance of the British cotton industry has encountered an unprecedented challenge.
The second part expounds the game between the two countries in the Sino Indian cotton market after the end of the first World War. Many Lancashire merchants blame the war on their losses in the world's cotton market. The growth of the export of Japanese cotton products is only temporary. When the war is over, they can still get the original cotton. Trade status. To this end, they made various efforts to find strategies to suppress the export of cotton cotton cloth and put it into practice. The cotton competition between Britain and Japan began in the main battlefields, China and India.
The third part analyzes the reasons for the rapid development of the cotton industry in Japan and the decline of the British cotton industry and the successful snatching of the Chinese and India markets by the rapid development of the cotton industry in Japan and the British cotton industry through the comparison of the cost of raw materials, labor costs, management costs and financial costs in the cotton industry between the two countries.
The fourth part is a reflection on the "harmony" between the change of Japanese and British cotton industry strength and the relationship between Japan and Japan. By reviewing the relations between Japan and Britain, it is found that when the strength of the Japanese and British cotton industry is very wide, it is also the time when Japanese and British relations are warming up, and the phase of the competition between the Japanese and British cotton industry is just the stage of the constant cooling of the relationship between Japan and Britain. The change of force is almost synchronous with the change of relations between Japan and Britain. This is not a coincidence of coincidence, it is an inevitable influence of economic factors on political strategy.
The production of cotton industry is a very important part of the overall economic sector of the two countries. The growth of the strength of the cotton industry reflects the changes in the overall economic strength of the two countries. The analysis of the changes in the textile strength of the Japanese and British cotton can not only help us better recognize the economic development of the new and old capitalist countries. The trajectory also helps us to better understand the formulation of the political and diplomatic strategies of the two countries and the changes in the relationship between Japan and Britain.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25;K351;F416.81

【参考文献】