晚清尼泊尔五年进贡使团研究（1852-1906）

发布时间：2018-05-29 01:46

本文选题：晚清 + 尼泊尔　；参考：《河北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1792年第二次藏廓战争后,廓尔喀(尼泊尔)自愿向清朝五年一贡,成为清朝外藩。尼泊尔五年一贡制度,是18、19世纪中尼关系重要的组成部分。1792年至1906年尼泊尔共派遣五年进贡使团18次。1792年至1852年的前60年,尼泊尔共派遣进贡使团12次,较为严格地执行了五年一贡惯例。而1852年至1906年后60年共派遣6次,未很好执行这一惯例。本文以后60年即尼泊尔拉纳家族统治时期(1852-1906年)派遣的五年进贡使团作为研究对象。 1852年随着英国扶植下的尼泊尔英雄首相忠格·巴哈杜尔掌权,中尼关系发生了一些微妙变化。五年进贡使团开始由一个纯政治性的进贡使团转变成为一个贸易性使团,并滥用其外交豁免权走私鸦片。尼泊尔首都加德满都距北京路途遥远,且一路艰难险阻。尼泊尔五年进贡使团沿象征中尼传统友谊的茶马古道、吐蕃尼婆罗古道到达拉萨。拉萨至北京路线有两种方案,一是川、陕、晋、直、京一线,此线是进贡使团的惯例路线,在潼关渡黄河;二是川、陕、豫、直、京一线,此线与前者的区别是改走河南而不是山西。原因有二:一是因自然原因选择在孟津渡黄河,二是河南境内铁路的修通。每遇使团进贡,清政府必沿途逐段护送。犒以酒食,赐以锦衣,授以车马,配以通晓廓尔喀文字的翻译。各地督抚迎送,皇帝亲自接见,并赐以筵宴、赏赐较高品级的顶戴和朝服。但由于陕甘回民叛乱、丁戊奇荒及清政府对使团的提防等因,1866年和1877年两支使团被阻挡在了打箭炉。自尼泊尔拉纳家族创始人、首相忠格·巴哈杜尔始,拉纳家族通过陆路向中国走私鸦片。其显著特征是操控和利用了具有外交豁免权的五年进贡使团。本文试分析了尼泊尔拉纳家族的鸦片走私系统和销售情况等。在1852-1906这60年里,清朝虽已日薄西山,但尼泊尔五年进贡使团还一如既往地向天朝进贡。尼泊尔拉纳家族虽滥用进贡使团豁免权夹带私货、走私鸦片,由进贡的政治性使团转向贸易为主的商业使团,但其充当和平友好使者的使命没有改变,仍发挥着重要的作用。
[Abstract]:After the second Tibetan War in 1792, Gurkha (Nepal) voluntarily paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty for five years. Nepal's five-year tribute system was an important part of Sino-Nepalese relations in the 1819th century. Nepal sent 18 tribute missions in five years from 1792 to 1906. In the first 60 years from 1792 to 1852, Nepal sent 12 tribute missions. The practice of paying tribute every five years has been carried out more strictly. Six missions were sent between 1852 and 1906, and this practice was not well carried out. Five-year tributary missions were sent to Nepal from 1852 to 1906 in the following 60 years. Sino-Nepalese relations have undergone subtle changes in 1852, with the British-backed Nepalese hero Prime Minister Zongg Bahadur in power. In five years the tribute mission began to change from a purely political mission to a trade mission and abused its diplomatic immunity to smuggle opium. Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, is a long way from Beijing. Nepal's five-year tributary corps arrived in Lhasa along the Tea Horse Road, a symbol of traditional friendship between China and Nepal. There are two plans for the Lhasa to Beijing route. One is the line between Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jin, Zhi, and Beijing. This line is the customary route for paying tribute missions, crossing the Yellow River at Tongguan. The other is the line of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, straight and Beijing. The difference between this line and the former is to move to Henan instead of Shanxi. There are two reasons: first, because of natural reasons to choose to cross the Yellow River in Mengjin, second, the railway repair in Henan Province. Whenever tribute was paid to the mission, the Qing government would escort it along the way. With wine and food, with brocade clothing, with horses and chariots, with a good translation of Gurkha. The emperors personally received the emperors, and gave them feasts, as well as high-grade attire and attire. However, due to the Shaanxi-Gansu Hui Rebellion, Dingqi wasteland and the Qing government's guard against the missions, two missions were blocked in 1866 and 1877. Since Nepal's Rana family founder and prime minister, Bahadur, the Rana family has smuggled opium to China by land. It is marked by the manipulation and use of five-year tributary missions with diplomatic immunity. This paper tries to analyze the opium smuggling system and sales of Nepal Rana family. During the 60 years of 1852-1906, Nepal's five-year tributary corps paid tribute to China as usual. Although the Nepalese Rana family abused the exemption of paying tribute missions to carry private goods, smuggled opium, and changed from political missions in tribute to commercial missions mainly in trade, their mission of serving as ambassadors for peace and friendship remained unchanged and still played an important role.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K256

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