久大精盐公司发展的社会环境研究（1914-1936）

发布时间：2018-05-29 05:22

本文选题：精盐工业 + 久大精盐公司　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1914年，著名实业家范旭东在天津创办了我国第一家生产精盐的企业——久大精盐公司，由此开始了我国生产精盐的历史。久大公司生产的精盐物美价廉，比粗盐纯洁度高，更适合人体食用，因此在市场上很受欢迎。然而在当时腐朽的盐政制度背景下，精盐工业这种新生事物所面临的社会环境却是比较恶劣的。由于精盐畅销触犯了盐商集团的利益，为争夺市场，维护自身利益，维持落后的引岸制度，盐商使用各种手段阻扰精盐的生产和销售，试图将久大公司扼于襁褓之中。各派军阀为扩充实力，筹措军饷，擅自截留盐税，并向久大公司强行摊派巨额公债，征收各种苛捐杂税，甚至通过绑架公司负责人的手段来勒索巨款，严重干扰了公司正常的生产经营活动，使公司蒙受了巨额损失。无论是北洋政府还是南京国民政府，为维护盐商利益，漠视精盐工业的发展，，制定许多限制精盐企业发展的法律法规，使企业发展受到严重束缚。而且各级政府为解决财政问题，巧立名目，增加附加税费，使精盐的生产成本居高不下，高额的赋税成为公司沉重的负担。民国时期精盐企业的发展情况是中国近代盐业史研究中的一项重要内容。目前，史学界对此课题尚缺乏深入系统的研究。本文将在前人学者研究的基础上，结合经济史和社会史研究方法，着重对当时盐商、军阀和政府对精盐工业的态度、政策进行分析和研究，以此来阐明民国时期精盐企业发展所面临的艰难社会环境。希望通过本课题研究，能够弥补盐业史研究中的一些薄弱环节，为深化对盐业史的研究作出贡献，并对今天的经济建设提供有益借鉴。
[Abstract]:In 1914, Fan Xudong, a famous industrialist, founded the first enterprise of producing refined salt in Tianjin-Jiuda refined Salt Company, which began the history of producing refined salt in China. The refined salt produced by Jiuda Company is very popular in the market because it is more pure than crude salt and is more suitable for human consumption. However, under the background of the decadent salt administration system, the social environment of the new thing, the refined salt industry, is quite bad. As the salt-selling of refined salt offends the interests of salt merchants group, in order to compete for the market, safeguard their own interests, and maintain the backward coastal system, salt merchants use various means to block the production and sale of refined salt, and try to choke the Jiuda company in swaddling clothes. In order to increase their strength, raise their salaries, withhold salt taxes without authorization, and forcibly distribute large amounts of public debt to large companies, they collect all sorts of exorbitant taxes, and even extort large sums of money by kidnapping company leaders. Seriously interfered with the company's normal production and operation activities, so that the company suffered huge losses. In order to safeguard the interests of salt merchants and ignore the development of refined salt industry, the Beiyang Government and the Nanjing National Government have formulated many laws and regulations restricting the development of refined salt enterprises, which have seriously restricted the development of enterprises. In order to solve the financial problems, governments at all levels have added additional taxes and fees to solve the financial problems, so that the production costs of refined salt remain high, and high taxes become a heavy burden on the company. The development of refined salt enterprises in the period of the Republic of China is an important content in the study of the history of salt industry in modern China. At present, the history of this subject is still lack of in-depth and systematic research. On the basis of previous scholars' research and combining the research methods of economic history and social history, this paper will focus on the analysis and research on the attitudes and policies of salt merchants, warlords and governments towards the refined salt industry at that time. In order to elucidate the difficult social environment faced by the development of refined salt enterprises in the Republic of China. It is hoped that this study can make up for some weak links in the study of salt history, contribute to the further study of salt history, and provide useful reference for today's economic construction.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K258;F429

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