建国初期农村妇女扫盲教育研究（1949-1958）

发布时间：2018-05-30 10:52

本文选题：建国初期 + 农村妇女　；参考：《山西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：建国初期,中国妇女受教育水平普遍很低,90%以上的妇女是文盲。在农村,妇女文盲占文盲总数的95%以上。妇女文盲的大量存在严重影响新中国国民经济的恢复与发展以及妇女各项权益的落实。为了提高妇女群众的文化水平,建国初期开展了一场轰轰烈烈的妇女扫盲教育活动。然而在国家各项政治、经济建设任务繁重之时,费事、费力且见效较慢的农村妇女扫盲教育开展初期并不顺利。除了各级领导干部、特别是基层干部的不重视,传统观念对妇女的束缚,家庭成员的牵绊以及舆论压力都给扫盲教育带来诸多困难。排除上述主观因素,客观上没有明确的扫盲领导机构、缺乏适合成年妇女使用的教材、没有一支优秀的教师队伍等问题也都制约着扫盲教育的发展。尽管面临诸多困难,在党中央的领导下,全国各地的扫盲教育仍旧逐步发展起来。各地的扫盲教师不断地在实际教学活动中总结出了适合农村妇女学习的授课内容、找到了既能顾全劳动、也不耽误学习的教学组织形式,寻到了适合成年妇女认知习惯与规律的教学方法。特别是在党中央加强了对各级领导干部思想教育后,扫盲教育从中央到地方确立起了相应的领导机构,加强了对农村妇女扫盲教育工作的指导,扫盲教育工作逐步走上正规。在1949—1958年间,农村妇女扫盲教育取得丰硕成果。首先,扫盲教育极大地提高了广大农村妇女的文化水平,为她们学习先进的生产技术,使用先进生产工具,进而提高劳动生产率创造了有利条件;其次,扫盲教育中的政治教育和时政教育提高了农村妇女的爱国意识与思想觉悟,使她们真正有了国家主人翁的心态与意识;再次,扫盲教育中的妇幼卫生知识给广大农村妇女和儿童的身体健康提供了保证,科学的卫生护理、接生法大大提高了新生儿的存活率,促进了农村家庭的和谐发展。建国初期的农村妇女扫盲教育既有成效,也有不足,对这一阶段的妇女扫盲教育进行批判性的学习,能够为当今的妇女解放与社会发展提供一定的借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, over 90 percent of Chinese women were illiterate. In rural areas, illiteracy among women accounts for more than 95 per cent of the total number of illiterate persons. The large number of illiterate women has seriously affected the recovery and development of the national economy and the implementation of women's rights and interests. In order to improve the cultural level of women, a vigorous literacy education for women was launched in the early days of the people's Republic of China. However, when the political and economic construction tasks of the country are heavy, the rural women's literacy education, which is painstaking, laborious and slow to get results, does not go smoothly at the initial stage. In addition to the neglect of leading cadres at all levels, especially those at the grass-roots level, the constraints of traditional concepts on women, the constraints of family members and the pressure of public opinion have brought many difficulties to literacy education. Excluding the above subjective factors, objectively there is no clear literacy leadership institutions, lack of suitable adult women use of teaching materials, lack of an excellent team of teachers are also restricting the development of literacy education. Despite many difficulties, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, literacy education throughout the country is still gradually developing. In their practical teaching activities, local literacy teachers have constantly summed up the teaching contents suitable for rural women to study, and have found a form of teaching organization that can take care of both labor and study without delay. A teaching method suitable for adult women's cognitive habits and rules has been found. Especially after the Party Central Committee has strengthened ideological education for leading cadres at all levels, the corresponding leading organs have been established for literacy education from the central to the local levels, and the guidance for rural women's literacy education has been strengthened, and literacy education work has gradually taken the form of formalization. Between 1949 and 1958, rural women's literacy education achieved fruitful results. First, literacy education has greatly improved the literacy level of rural women, creating favourable conditions for them to learn advanced production techniques and use advanced production tools, thereby increasing labour productivity. The political education and current political education in literacy education have enhanced the patriotic consciousness and ideological consciousness of rural women, so that they really have the mentality and consciousness of national ownership; once again, The knowledge of maternal and child health in literacy education provides a guarantee for the health of rural women and children. Scientific health care and birth delivery law greatly improve the survival rate of newborns and promote the harmonious development of rural families. The literacy education of rural women in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China has both achievements and shortcomings. The critical study of literacy education for women in this stage can provide some references for the emancipation of women and the development of society today.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K27

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