黄遵宪与湖南维新运动

发布时间：2018-05-31 12:38

本文选题：黄遵宪 + 湖南维新　；参考：《中南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 在近代中国救国救民的时代潮流中,有识之士就时代所能给予的广度和深度进行了各种努力,黄遵宪就是其中的一位。十数年的驻外生涯,使他亲历了西方政治文明。在此基础上,黄遵宪的维新思想不断地蓄势与积淀,他成长为一名坚定的君主立宪制的拥护者。归国后,黄遵宪试图以其“奉主权以开民智,尊官权以导民权”的改革与救国方针,投入到国内变法运动中,在湖南进行了一场民权、法治与宪政为核心的“地方自治”政治试验。黄遵宪深刻体察国情与省情,首先从培植新政人才和宣传维新思想两方面入手推动政治改革。因此,入湘后的黄遵宪立即投入到了学堂的创办与报馆的创设上,为湖南新政办有端绪首开一途。他为湖南维新政治改革进行制度的变革与设计,其改革的重大举措包括南学会的创办和保卫局的筹划,以及由此而实行的地方行政机构改革与官员的培训。这些也是黄遵宪在湖南新政中“地方自治”理念的基本内容。概括地说就是：分官权于民,改革封建官制,去郡县专制之弊。在此,集中体现了黄遵宪长期的驻外观察所形成的政治改革思想,在付诸实践的过程中,又较多地体现了他本人的独创与建树。纵观黄遵宪在湖南维新运动期间的各种历史活动,我们可以看出他是湖南新政得以推行的关键人物之一。他的著史为湖南维新运动提供了思想资源,他联合锐意革新的维新群体共倡新政,他所主导或参与设计的各项改革措施在政治、经济、文化与社会等各方面产生了重大影响,造成生机勃勃的维新局面。但由于改革的社会基础还很薄弱,主观行动机制上尚有不足以及新政在实践操作层面上存在的失误,黄遵宪欲从一省首先改革进而推动全国变法政治运动的重大实践止步于湖南。就黄遵宪参与湖南维新运动这个重大的政治课题而言,其贡献是相当大的。而其政治理想的最终破灭,又进一步昭示出晚清政治改革的艰巨性与复杂性。历史的车轮已滚滚向前,维新运动早已成为旧梦。然而,现代社会民主政治的良性运作与健康发展又似乎给了改革者以诚挚的慰藉和真实的回应。
[Abstract]:In the trend of saving the people in modern China, people of insight have made all kinds of efforts on the breadth and depth that the times can give. Huang Zunxian is one of them. More than ten years of his career abroad enabled him to experience Western political civilization. On the basis of this, Huang Zunxian's reform thought accumulated and accumulated, and he became a staunch advocate of constitutional monarchy. After returning to China, Huang Zunxian tried to carry out a civil rights campaign in Hunan with his reform and national salvation policy of "upholding the people's wisdom by virtue of sovereignty and respecting the power of officials and guiding civil rights." Rule of law and constitutionalism as the core of the "local autonomy" political experiment. Huang Zunxian has a deep understanding of the national conditions and provincial conditions, and first of all, promotes political reform from the two aspects of cultivating New deal talents and propagating the idea of reform. Therefore, after entering Hunan, Huang Zunxian immediately invested in the establishment of the school and the establishment of the newspaper, which was the first way for Hunan New political Office. He carried out the system reform and design for the political reform of Hunan Reformation. The major measures of his reform included the establishment of the South Institute and the planning of the Bureau of Defense, and the reform of the local administration and the training of the officials therefrom. These are also the basic contents of Huang Zunxian's concept of "local autonomy" in Hunan New deal. To sum up, it is the malpractice of dividing the official power over the people, reforming the feudal official system and going to the despotism of the prefectures and counties. In this way, it embodies the political reform thought formed by Huang Zunxian's long-term observation abroad, and in the process of putting it into practice, it also embodies his own originality and achievements. Looking at the historical activities of Huang Zunxian during the Hunan Reform Movement, we can see that he is one of the key figures in the implementation of the Hunan New deal. His history provided the ideological resources for the reform movement in Hunan, and he joined with the reformist groups to promote the New deal. The reform measures he led or participated in had a great impact on politics, economy, culture and society. Create a vibrant state of renewal. However, because the social foundation of the reform is still very weak, the subjective action mechanism is still insufficient and the New deal has errors in practice and operation. The important practice of Huang Zunxian to reform and promote the national political reform from a province to Hunan. As far as Huang Zunxian's participation in Hunan Reform Movement is an important political issue, its contribution is quite great. But its political ideal finally disillusioned, further demonstrated the late Qing Dynasty political reform arduous nature and the complexity. The wheel of history has rolled on, and the reform movement has long been an old dream. However, the benign operation and healthy development of democratic politics in modern society seem to give the reformers sincere solace and genuine response.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K256

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