略论晚清改造胥吏的思想

发布时间：2018-06-02 07:45

本文选题：晚清 + 胥吏　；参考：《史学月刊》2017年02期

【摘要】：胥吏问题是晚清吏治中的顽症。为数众多的各类胥吏,利用官场信息牟利,利用权力缝隙进行权钱交易,敲诈百姓,贪赃枉法,严重地影响了中央各部门与地方政府的行政效率,败坏了官府的形象。这一问题的产生,表层原因是胥吏素质低下,直接面对广大民众,实际上掌握了很大权力;制度层面原因,在于政府官员不熟悉业务;各色地方官因回避本籍,不熟悉所治地方风土民情;官场机构叠床架屋,多方牵制,效率低下。更宏观原因,在于其时官制设计过度地堵塞了胥吏阶层的升迁通道,缺失了对这一阶层的激励机制,从而在官僚制度的最底层,留下了普遍性的漏洞。冯桂芬、郑观应、陈炽等人,提出过许多改造胥吏的思想,诸如改变胥吏结构,提高胥吏素质;删削、精简则例,以杜舞弊之门;免除回避旧规,减少舞弊机会;优给工食,量予出身。清政府也在改造胥吏方面进行了一些实际的努力,但直到清朝覆亡,这一问题也没能彻底解决。
[Abstract]:The problem of petty officials was a stubborn disease in the late Qing Dynasty. A large number of petty officials, using official information for profit, using the power gap to trade power and money, extort the people, corrupt the law, seriously affected the administrative efficiency of the central departments and local governments, and damaged the image of the government. The superficial reason for this problem was the low quality of the petty officials, who directly faced the masses of the people, and in fact possessed a great deal of power; the institutional level was caused by the fact that the government officials were not familiar with the business, and the local officials of all kinds avoided their native nationality. Not familiar with the local customs and conditions; bureaucratic institutions stacked, multi-restraint, inefficient. The more macroscopic reason lies in the fact that the official system design has blocked the promotion channel of the petty officials and lost the incentive mechanism for this stratum, thus leaving a universal loophole at the bottom of the bureaucratic system. Feng Guifen, Zheng Guanying, Chen Chi, and others, have put forward many ideas for reforming petty officials, such as changing the structure of petty officials and improving the quality of petty officials; deleting and streamlining the rules of law, and using the door of du fraud; eliminating the old rules and reducing opportunities for fraud; and providing workers with better food. Measure one's birth. The Qing government also made some practical efforts to reform the petty officials, but this problem was not solved completely until the Qing Dynasty collapsed.
【作者单位】：复旦大学;上海社会科学院;
【分类号】：K252

【相似文献】