抗战初期侵华日军江南五城大屠杀研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 20:59

本文选题：侵华日军 + 大屠杀　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1937年7月,日军先在中国北部挑起“卢沟桥事变”,掀起全面侵华战争。一个月后,日军又将战火引向南方,挑起淞沪战争。日军从登陆之初就开始了对中国军民的大屠杀。上海沦陷后,日军开始追击南京,沿途的屠杀进一步扩大。追击中,大规模的屠杀在每一个被占领的城市都要“上演”,京沪铁路沿线的苏州、无锡、常州、镇江等重要城市无一幸免。日军屠杀手段之残酷,令人发指。战争初期江南战场的形势随着日军侵华而改变。日军从一开始的“速战速决”战略意图转变为着手歼灭国军之有生抵抗力量。日军在上海和南京的战略选择过程,实际上决定的不仅仅是一个局部战役,而是整个战争的走向。中国军队的应对则关系到抗战的全局。从淞沪抗战的坚决抵抗到南京保卫战的溃退,最终导致抗战初期国民政府军事和政治上的被动局面。南京大屠杀是从上海开始。日军从上海到南京这条路上,奸掳焚杀的暴行,其严重性,实不下于南京。京沪沿线城市如苏州、无锡、常州、镇江等城市都发生了严重的屠杀事件。而战时日军官兵日记等战场记录,是源自加害一方最为直接的证据,同时也是证明日军大屠杀等暴行最为直接和可信的依据。这些日军官兵在战斗间隙中留下的文字记录意义重大,主要是这些都是出自加害者的当时、当地、当事者的第一手资料。他们将关于战时的经历、感受和所见所闻记录了下来,这无疑是从另一个角度来认识这场战争。其实,日军在上海和南京的屠杀不是在偶然的情况下发生的。屠杀的发生与日军在战争时期的制度、命令息息相关。“给养就地征发”是日军在淞沪战役之后向南京进击的过程中实行的从中国平民手中掠夺物资的一种战争政策。为了解决补给的问题,日军上层将这种政策作为命令向下传达。在上层命令的“掩护”下,日军上层放任官兵肆意抢劫,从征粮发展到抢劫、强奸、杀人无所不为。日军在战时还颁布了“屠杀令”。“屠杀令”带来的直接后果就是日军在上海到南京途中及在南京城内屠杀了数万俘虏。更为恶劣的后果是,在上层命令的授意下助长了普通士兵的滥杀。日军在江南的大屠杀包含很多复杂的因素,而日军的战时机制是重要因素。
[Abstract]:In July 1937, the Japanese first provoked the Lugou Bridge incident in northern China and launched an all-out war of aggression against China. A month later, the Japanese led the war to the south, provoking the Battle of Shanghai. The Japanese began the massacre of the Chinese army and people from the very beginning of the landing. After the fall of Shanghai, Japanese troops began to pursue Nanjing, the slaughter along the way further expanded. In pursuit, mass killings must be carried out in every occupied city. Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang and other important cities along the Beijing-Shanghai railway line are all spared. The cruelty of the Japanese slaughter was outrageous. At the beginning of the war, the situation of the battlefield in Jiangnan changed with the Japanese invasion of China. The Japanese army changed from a "quick-war" strategic intention to a viable resistance to annihilate the national army. In fact, the process of Japanese strategic choice in Shanghai and Nanjing determines not only a local campaign, but also the whole war. The response of the Chinese army is related to the overall situation of the War of Resistance against Japan. From the resolute resistance of the Battle of Songhu to the collapse of the defensive War in Nanjing, it finally led to the passive situation of the national government in the early stage of the War of Resistance against Japan. The Nanjing Massacre began in Shanghai. On the road from Shanghai to Nanjing, the atrocities committed by the Japanese army were no less serious than those in Nanjing. Serious massacres occurred in cities such as Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Zhenjiang. The battlefield records of Japanese officers and soldiers in wartime are the most direct evidence from the murderous side and the most direct and credible evidence of atrocities such as the Japanese Holocaust. The written records left by these Japanese officers and men in the fighting space are of great significance, mainly because these were from the victims at the time, the local, the first-hand information of those involved. They recorded their experiences, feelings, and experiences of the war, which was undoubtedly seen from another perspective. In fact, the killing of Japanese troops in Shanghai and Nanjing did not happen by accident. The massacre was closely related to the Japanese army's system and orders during the war. In the course of attacking Nanjing after the Battle of Songhu, the Japanese army carried out a kind of war policy of plundering goods from the hands of Chinese civilians. In order to solve the supply problem, the upper level of the Japanese policy as an order to communicate down. Under the "cover" of the upper order, the Japanese army officers and men allowed wanton robbery, from grain collection to robbery, rape, killing everything. The Japanese also issued a massacre order during the war. The direct consequence of the massacre was the killing of tens of thousands of prisoners on the way from Shanghai to Nanjing. An even worse consequence was the indiscriminate killing of ordinary soldiers at the behest of the upper ranks. The Japanese massacre in the south of the Yangtze River contains many complicated factors, and the Japanese wartime mechanism is an important factor.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265.6

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