以“外国”为鉴:新生活运动中蒋介石的外国想象

发布时间：2018-06-08 11:10

本文选题：新生活运动 + 蒋介石　；参考：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年03期

【摘要】：蒋介石在设计新生活运动时常常以"外国"作为中国应该仿效的对象。本文分梳蒋介石在外国的经历及其在新生活运动中关于"外国"的言论,指出蒋介石对外国的直接经验有限,而且主要集中在日本,他主要通过间接途径了解外国,并局限于欧美强国。在新生活运动的理论建构中,蒋介石将"外国"的"现代文明"视为反映中国"传统道德"的镜像,从而解决了新生活运动既要求民众行为西化和现代化,又要求复兴民族固有道德的内在张力。而新生活运动中借用了西方殖民话语中"文明"与"野蛮"的对立关系,则将西方列强对殖民地的霸权,内化为国民党政府对国民居高临下的态度。因此,蒋介石在新生活运动中对"外国"的借用和想象,不可避免造成了该运动的内在缺陷,使之无法真正动员民众。
[Abstract]:In the design of the new life movement, Jiang Jieshi often uses "foreign" as the object of imitation in China. This article combs the experience of Jiang Jieshi in foreign countries and his comments on "foreign" in the new life movement, pointing out that Jiang Jieshi's direct experience in foreign countries is limited and mainly in Japan. In the theoretical construction of the new life movement, in the theoretical construction of the new life movement, Jiang Jieshi regarded the "foreign" "modern civilization" as a mirror reflecting the "traditional morality" of China, thus solving the new life movement requiring both the westernization and modernization of the people's behavior and the internal tension of the rejuvenation of the nation, and the western colonialism borrowed from the new life movement. The opposite relationship between "civilization" and "barbarism" in the language is to internalize the hegemony of the Western powers to the colonies as the attitude of the Kuomintang government to the nationals. Therefore, Jiang Jieshi's borrowing and imagination of "foreign" in the new life movement inevitably resulted in the inherent defects of the movement, so that it could not really mobilize the people.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【分类号】：K263

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