新桂系时期广西四大城市居民生活水平研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 13:42

本文选题：新桂系 + 工资收入　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：广西位于祖国南疆,经济开发较晚,再加上高山峻险,交通不便,所以广西城市的发展也相对滞后。到了近代,随着龙州、梧州、南宁等三关的相继开放,广西社会发生了重大变化。两广省办硫酸厂、广西机械厂、广西酒精厂、南宁制革厂、广西印务局等近代新式工业陆续在广西建成发展,使得广西经济发展出现了新的气象,不仅是公营企业,民营企业在这个时期也进入了新的发展阶段。经济水平的提高,促进了广西各个城市的发展,桂林、柳州、南宁、梧州等城市的变化尤为突出。城市人口的增加、交通的改善以及商业的繁荣等变化在促进城市的发展的同时,使城市中人们的生活方式和生活水平也在不断地发生变化。新桂系在广西的统治时期大概可以分为两个阶段,即抗战前和抗战后。在抗战以前,广西社会是比较安定的,各大城市居民的生活也基本上有保障。在这个时期,城市居民的收入稳定,物价低廉且平稳,即便是社会的中下层,人们的基本生活也可以维持。抗日战争爆发以后,广西成为了西南大后方的重要阵地,生产的破坏、军需物资的增加,大量人口的流入,使广西各大城市都发生了重大的变化。东部沿海工厂的大量内迁促成了大后方城市的短暂繁荣,也使广西各城市的物价普遍上涨；抗战结束后,紧接着国共内战爆发,新桂系当局为了抑制预算赤字,弥补财政亏空,大量发行纸币,这使得通货膨胀更加严重,原本不断上涨的物价,更是一路飙升。战争,使人们的生活陷入了极度困境。物价变动是受多方面影响的,在和平年代它主要是受到货币的价值以及季节性因素的影响；在战乱时期,由于军需物资的大量增加以及正常的生产被破坏使得市场供不应求,再加上大量人口的涌入,更是加重了这种不平衡,进而刺激物价上涨,除了这些不可避免的客观因素以外,纸币的大量发行、商人的囤积居奇也促使了物价高涨。为了适应一路飙升的物价,城市居民的工资水平也在不断的调整提高,但是工资的调整速度远远比不上物价的上涨速度,所以抗战爆发后,各大城市居民的生活水平急剧下降。抗战前,公务员、教师等社会中上层收入较高,生活比较惬意；抗战后,通货膨胀,物价飞涨,使得原本生活安定的公教人员生活陷入艰难阶段。处于社会上层的民众尚且如此,社会中下层的工人、苦力等民众的生活自是苦不堪言了。纵观新桂系时期的城市居民生活水平,我们可以发现以下特点,首先是总体生活水平低下,无论是战前还是战后,与全国其他城市同期相比,广西城市居民的生活水平都是落后的；其次是战前城市各阶层居民的生活都基本可以维持,但是抗战爆发后,城市居民的生活普遍在急剧下降。新桂系时期城市居民生活水平的这些特点是与历史地理因素、新桂系的统治政策、战争因素、西方列强的经济侵略和资本主义世界经济危机有关的。
[Abstract]:Guangxi is located in the southern border of the motherland, the economic development is late, plus the mountain steep danger, the transportation is inconvenient, so the Guangxi city development is also relatively lagging behind. In modern times, with the opening of Longzhou, Wuzhou and Nanning, Guangxi society has undergone great changes. Modern industries such as Guangxi Machinery Factory, Guangxi Machinery Factory, Guangxi Alcohol Factory, Nanning Tannery Factory and Guangxi Printing Bureau have been established and developed in Guangxi one after another, which has created a new climate for Guangxi's economic development, not only public enterprises. Private enterprises in this period also entered a new stage of development. The improvement of economic level has promoted the development of various cities in Guangxi, especially in Guilin, Liuzhou, Nanning, Wuzhou and other cities. The increase of urban population, the improvement of traffic and the prosperity of commerce promote the development of the city, and make the way of life and living standard of the people in the city change constantly. The reign of Xinguizi in Guangxi can be divided into two stages: before and after the War of Resistance against Japan. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, Guangxi society was relatively stable, and the lives of the residents of major cities were basically guaranteed. During this period, the income of urban residents was stable, the prices were low and stable, and even the middle and lower classes of society could maintain their basic living. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, Guangxi became an important position in the southwest rear area. The destruction of production, the increase of military supplies and supplies, and the inflow of a large number of people made the major cities in Guangxi undergo major changes. The massive internal relocation of factories in the east coast contributed to the temporary prosperity of the main rear cities, and also to the general rise in prices in various cities in Guangxi. After the end of the War of Resistance against Japan and the outbreak of civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the New Guangxi authorities made up for the deficit in order to curb the budget deficit and make up for the financial deficit. A lot of paper money, which makes inflation more serious, the rising prices, but also skyrocketing. The war has put people's lives in dire straits. Price changes are affected in many ways, mainly by the value of money and seasonal factors in times of peace. In times of war, the supply of quartermaster materials and the destruction of normal production have left the market in short supply. This imbalance is exacerbated by the influx of large numbers of people, which in addition to these inevitable objective factors, the large issuance of banknotes, the hoarding of businessmen has also contributed to the rise in prices. In order to adapt to the soaring prices, the wage level of urban residents is also constantly adjusting and rising, but the adjustment rate of wages is far from the speed of rising prices, so after the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the living standards of the residents of major cities fell sharply. Before the War of Resistance against Japan, civil servants, teachers and other middle and upper social income, life is more comfortable; after the War of Resistance, inflation, prices skyrocketed, so that the life of the originally stable public and religious personnel into a difficult stage. This is true of the upper class, where workers, drudgery and so on are miserable. Looking at the living standards of urban residents in the New Guangxi period, we can find the following characteristics: first, the overall standard of living is low, whether before or after the war, compared with other cities throughout the country in the same period. The living standards of the urban residents in Guangxi are all backward; secondly, the living standards of the urban residents of all strata before the war can be basically maintained, but after the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the life of the urban residents generally declined sharply. These characteristics of the living standards of urban residents in the New Guangxi period are related to the historical and geographical factors, the ruling policy of the New Guangxi, the war factors, the economic aggression of the Western powers and the capitalist world economic crisis.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K26;F299.29

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