1851-1871年新疆筹饷变化研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 15:29

本文选题：筹饷 + 咸同　；参考：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1851—1871年清政府陷入财政危机,使得原有的财政制度逐渐失灵甚至于瓦解。此时协饷这一财政制度开始走向崩溃,对新疆地区原有的财政制度带来了巨大的冲击。清政府一方面为了维持在新疆地区统治的稳定,以及统治机构的运转,开始不断调整对新疆的筹饷政策;另一方面,由于边疆危机的日益加深,尤其是西北边疆危机日甚一日,清政府为固守疆域的完整,抵御外敌入侵,多次饬令各省对新疆筹拨饷银。此时,全国大部分省份均陷入催调欠饷的情况,清政府多次对新疆筹集饷需,以图缓解新疆的财政困境。虽在一定程度上缓解了新疆的缺饷情况,但并未从根本上解决缺饷的局面。随着新疆饷源缺额日巨,以及在全国政局动荡不定和新疆内部掀起全民族起义的背景下,清政府为了弥补新疆军政费用的缺额从疆内和疆外两方面多次变更增筹饷额。后由于陕甘回民起义的爆发,原来从甘肃到新疆的运饷路线被阻,饷银的转运路线变为北路和南路两路。咸同年来自疆内和疆外筹饷的重心、数额、来源、用途不断变化。通过对筹饷变化的研究,可以更客观和全面的了解清政府对新疆筹饷政策的制定、实施、产生的影响。从而可以对清政府在咸同年间对新疆筹饷变化及其对新疆政局影响的情况进行更为客观的评价。
[Abstract]:From 1851 to 1871, the Qing government fell into financial crisis, which made the original financial system fail and even disintegrate. At this time, the financial system began to collapse, which had a great impact on the original financial system in Xinjiang. On the one hand, in order to maintain the stability of its rule in Xinjiang and the operation of the ruling institutions, the Qing government began to adjust its policy of raising funds for Xinjiang; on the other hand, because of the deepening crisis in the border areas, especially the crisis in the northwest border areas, the crisis became more and more serious. In order to defend the integrity of the territory and resist the invasion of foreign enemies, the Qing government repeatedly ordered the provinces to raise money for Xinjiang. At this time, most of the provinces in the country are in the situation of arrears, the Qing government for many times to raise money in Xinjiang, in order to alleviate the financial difficulties of Xinjiang. Although to some extent alleviated the situation of lack of pay in Xinjiang, but did not fundamentally solve the situation of lack of pay. With the huge shortage of pay in Xinjiang, and in the background of the political instability in the whole country and the rise of the whole nation in Xinjiang, the Qing government changed the amount of increased pay from both inside and outside Xinjiang many times in order to make up for the shortage of military and government expenses in Xinjiang. Later, due to the outbreak of the Shaanxi-Gansu Hui uprising, the original route from Gansu to Xinjiang was blocked, and the transfer route of pay silver was changed into two routes: North Road and South Road. In the same year, the center of gravity, amount, source, and use of money from both inside and outside Xinjiang were constantly changing. Through the research on the change of raising money, we can understand the influence of Qing government on the formulation, implementation and production of the pay policy in Xinjiang more objectively and comprehensively. Therefore, the Qing government can make a more objective evaluation on the change of Xinjiang's income and its influence on Xinjiang's political situation during the same period of the Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K252

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