孙科立宪思想研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 09:47

本文选题：孙科 + 立宪思想　；参考：《湖南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中华民国立宪史上,孙科是一位身份复杂而又具有重要地位的政治人物。他一生都在为实现中国立宪而奔走奋斗,积极活跃在二十世纪上半叶的政治舞台上,为中华民国的宪政化殚精竭虑。孙科是南京国民政府时期的政治活动家,担任立法院长达十六年之久,是南京国民政府法制化进程的重要推动者之一。他从实践和理论两方面为南京国民政府的立宪事业做出了重要贡献。本文介绍了孙科的生活经历,以及孙中山的三民主义理论和美国宪政思想对他立宪思想的影响,梳理了其立宪思想的理论渊源。本文详细论述了孙科的宪法思想。认为制定以三民主义为理论基础的宪法是孙科一贯坚持的立宪原则,并在其宪法思想中详细阐释三民主义五权宪法中涉及到的六个主要问题,这六个主要问题分别是国体、国民大会、中央政府组织、中央与地方均权制、地方自治、人权利保障。除了强调完善一系列国家机构的重要作用,他还极为重视地方自治的作用,认为确立地方自治是立宪成功的关键所在。由于二十世纪三四十年代的中国处在日本长期侵略威胁之下,缺乏立宪所需要的和平环境,面对动荡不安的国情对立宪所造成的困境,在训政时期如何依照三民主义五权宪法的框架来制定宪法,孙科认为制定的三民主义宪法应是能确立起中国宪政制度的,适合中国基本国情的宪法。本文还阐述了孙科的政党思想。他的政党思想主要包括三大问题,即国民党在训政与宪政时期的地位和宪政实施与多党政治以及宪政时期的民主竞选三个问题。他主张在宪政制度建立之后,国家实行多党政治,国民党放弃训政时期的一党专政,和其他政党进行平等的民主竞选。在本文的结语部分,对孙科立宪思想中的国家主义和功利主义倾向进行了分析,还提出了他的立宪思想对当代中国之启示。
[Abstract]:In the constitutional history of the Republic of China, Sun Ke is a complicated and important political figure. He worked hard all his life to realize the constitution of China, active on the political stage in the first half of the 20th century, and worked hard for the constitutionalism of the Republic of China. Sun Ke was a political activist in the period of Nanjing National Government, served as president of the legislature for 16 years, and was one of the important promoters in the process of legalization of Nanjing National Government. He made important contributions to the constitutional cause of Nanjing National Government from the aspects of practice and theory. This paper introduces Sun Ke's life experience, and the influence of Sun Zhongshan's three people's theory and American constitutional thought on his constitutional thought, and combs the theoretical origin of his constitutional thought. This paper discusses Sun Ke's constitutional thought in detail. It is considered that the constitution based on the three people's principles is the constitutional principle that Sun Kei has always adhered to, and in his constitutional thought, he explains in detail the six main issues involved in the constitution of the five powers of the three people's principles, which are the state system, respectively. The National Assembly, the central government organization, the central and local equal power system, the local autonomy, the human rights guarantee. In addition to emphasizing the important role of perfecting a series of state institutions, he attached great importance to the role of local autonomy, and believed that the establishment of local autonomy was the key to the success of the constitution. Because China in the 1930s and 1940s was under the threat of Japan's long-term aggression, it lacked the peaceful environment needed to establish the constitution, and faced with the dilemma caused by the turbulent national conditions to the constitutionalism. How to make the constitution according to the framework of the constitution of the five powers of the three people's principles during the training period, Sun Ke thought that the constitution of the three people's principles should be a constitution that can establish the constitutional system of China and suit the basic national conditions of China. This paper also expounds Sun Ke's party thought. His political party thought mainly includes three major issues, namely, the position of the Kuomintang in the period of political discipline and constitutionalism, the implementation of constitutionalism and multi-party politics, and the democratic election in the period of constitutionalism. He advocated that after the establishment of the constitutional system, the state should implement multi-party politics, and the Kuomintang should abandon the one-party dictatorship during the period of discipline and hold equal democratic elections with other political parties. In the conclusion of this paper, the author analyzes the tendency of nationalism and utilitarianism in Sun Ke's constitutional thought, and puts forward the enlightenment of his constitutional thought to contemporary China.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K258

【参考文献】