四川松潘县禁烟问题研究（1935-1945年）

发布时间：2018-07-20 17:03

【摘要】：随着蒋介石击败各派军阀，南京国民政府在全国范围内完成形式上的统一，如何禁绝在全国越演越烈的烟毒之风，被提到了中央政府的议题之上。此时日本已开始了有准备的侵华之举。在此时代大背景下，1935年至1945年，南京国民政府开展了轰轰烈烈的禁烟运动。此次禁烟被称为中国历史上的第三次禁烟运动。这一时期禁烟分为两个阶段，第一阶段1935—1940年为“两年禁毒、六年禁烟”时期，经过声势浩大的禁烟之后，在四川松潘县的土地上，依然有大片大片的罂粟花绽放，这就是“两年禁毒、六年禁烟”过后四川松潘县的真实状况。鸦片在该地区没有像政府想象的那样完全绝迹，偷种时有发生。第二阶段1941—1945年为禁烟善后时期，政府继续前一时期的厉禁之风，松潘县偷种鸦片之风因为政府大力铲烟，严厉禁烟，在该阶段有所收敛，禁烟取得了不错的效果。南京国民政府全国禁烟运动，是应对日本侵华的客观需要，主观上也是南京国民政府巩固在全国的统一。禁烟不仅体现了对毒品的禁绝之心，而且是中央政府对民族地区加强统治的一个重要举措。本文试图再现1935—1945年四川松潘县禁烟的历史过程，同时尽可能真实地描述当时四川松潘县因为种烟与禁烟而产生的社会动荡，分析铲烟风波发生的原因。除绪论外本文共分为五章。第一章论述1935—1940年四川松潘县禁烟。该章从松潘县鸦片种植及其泛滥、松潘县鸦片泛滥后的恶劣影响以及南京政府在四川省及松潘县的禁烟成效三个方面对四川松潘县禁烟的背景进行详细的介绍，为后面笔者对松潘县进行的禁烟研究做铺垫。第二章主要论述1941—1945年松潘县如何进行禁烟。该章首先对该时期禁烟的相关法规法令进行了梳理；其次论述四川省及松潘县的禁烟机构历史沿革；最后是本文的重点内容之一，即分析该时期松潘县禁烟的具体实施过程。第三章是禁烟过程中的各方博弈。此章是本文的重点。首先是分析松潘县地方官员乃至四川省政府的官员暗中勾结情况；其次，分析土司土官对禁烟的态度，指出他们对禁烟的态度是摇摆不定，说明土司主观上有禁烟的意愿，客观上需要种植鸦片获取财富，维护地方统治权；再次，分析种鸦片的农民的利益诉求，，指出在松潘种植其他农作物无法满足农民的基本生存，这促使大量农民不得不种鸦片；最后，分析松潘县社会中存在的一股比较强的民间势力即袍哥群体，强调袍哥对基层民众有较强的控制作用。袍哥通过鸦片贸易获得了丰厚利润，所以袍哥群体是禁烟政策的主要反对者。第四章，对1935—1945年四川松潘县禁烟及其特点、禁烟的成败、以及对后世的历史启迪三个方面进行了综合分析评价，指出松潘县禁烟虽取得了一些成果，但算不上成功，其经验教训值得后人深思。第五章余论，对松潘县禁烟问题从理论进行分析，强调我们应该看到1935—1945年四川松潘县禁烟具有特殊的历史意义。本次禁烟，使国民政府加强了对该县民族地区的管理，是中国统一进程中的一部分；禁烟过程客观上强化了少数民族地区民众及土司土官对国家和中央政府的认同感，促进了民族之间的融合与共同发展。
[Abstract]:As Jiang Jieshi defeated all the warlords, the national government of Nanjing completed the form of unity throughout the country, and how to ban the smoky wind in the country, and was mentioned above the issue of the central government. At this time Japan had started the preparations for the invasion of China. Under this background, the national government of Nanjing opened from 1935 to 1945. The ban was called the third anti smoking campaign in Chinese history. The ban was divided into two stages in this period. The first period from 1935 to 1940 was the period of "two years of drug control, six years of smoking". After a huge ban on the land of Songpan County, Sichuan, there were still large areas of poppy flowers. Blooming, this is the real situation in Songpan County, Sichuan, Sichuan after two years of drug control. The opium is not completely extinct in this area as the government imagined. The second stage of the period from 1941 to 1945 was the period of smoking control, the government continued the strict ban on the previous period, and the Songpan County stole the Opium wind because of the government's vigorous efforts. The national government of the national government of Nanjing is the objective need to deal with Japan's invasion of China, and it is also subjective to consolidate the national unity of the national government of Nanjing. The prohibition of smoking not only embodies the prohibition of the prohibition of drugs, but also the strengthening of the central government in the ethnic areas. This article attempts to reproduce the historical process of smoking ban in Songpan County, Sichuan, 1935 to 1945, and to describe the social unrest in Songpan County of Sichuan as much as possible at that time, and analyze the causes of the outbreak of the smoke.
In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter discusses the prohibition of smoking in Songpan County, Sichuan, from 1935 to 1940. This chapter introduces the background of the smoking ban in Songpan County of Sichuan in detail from the Opium Planting and flooding in Songpan County, the abominable influence of the Opium flooding in Songpan county and the three aspects of the effect of the Nanjing government in Sichuan and Songpan, and the smoking ban in Songpan County, Sichuan. Research makes paving.
The second chapter mainly discusses how to ban smoking in Songpan county from 1941 to 1945. This chapter first combed the relevant regulations and decrees of the prohibition of smoking in this period, followed by the historical evolution of the anti smoking institutions in Sichuan and Songpan counties; finally, one of the key contents of this article is to analyze the specific implementation process of the prohibition of smoking in Songpan County in this period.
The third chapter is the game of all parties in the process of smoking ban. This chapter is the focus of this article. First, it analyzes the situation of Songpan county officials and the officials of Sichuan provincial government in the dark. Secondly, it analyzes the attitude of the Tusi officials to the prohibition of smoking, and points out that their attitude to the prohibition of smoking is swaying, and that the intention of the ban on smoking is objectively necessary. We should grow opium to gain wealth and maintain local rule, and again, analyze the interests of the farmers of the opium, and point out that planting other crops in Songpan can not satisfy the basic survival of the farmers, which makes a large number of farmers have to grow opium. Finally, an analysis is made of a relatively strong folk force, the robe group, in the society of Songpan County, It is emphasized that Pao has a strong control over the grass-roots people. Pao brothers have made huge profits through the opium trade, so the roc group is the main objection to the opium policy.
The fourth chapter, from 1935 to 1945, Sichuan Songpan County smoking control and its characteristics, the success or failure of the ban on smoking, and the historical enlightenment of later generations in three aspects of the comprehensive analysis and evaluation, pointing out that the Songpan County, although the ban on smoking has achieved some achievements, but it is not successful, its experience and lessons are worth deep thought for later generations.
The fifth chapter, after the analysis of the theory of smoking ban in Songpan County, emphasizes that we should see the special historical significance of the ban on smoking in Songpan County of Sichuan in the period from 1935 to 1945. This prohibition of smoking has made the national government strengthen the management of the ethnic areas in the county, and it is part of the process of China's unification; the process of smoking prohibition has objectively strengthened the minority nationalities. The sense of identity of the local people and chieftain officials towards the state and the central government promoted the integration and common development of the nationalities.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K26

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