庚子肃王府之战

发布时间：2018-07-26 21:02

【摘要】：1900年6—8月发生于北京的围攻使馆之役是义和团运动和八国联军侵华时期震动中外的事件。这一交织着政治、军事、外交斗争的复杂事件,有诸多基本史实问题像乱丝一样长期困惑着学界,亟需缕清。围攻使馆之役的各项重要战斗是其重要内容之一,其中,肃王府防线的战斗最为激烈,是重中之重。肃王府之战,守方是以日本使馆卫队为主力进行的,故本文以中、日、英档案史料互证,具体探讨使馆战守布防、双方兵力、该役的起始阶段、肃王府防线的重要性和肃王府战斗的状况,以在更可靠的史料基础上重建这段历史。通过细化围攻使馆事件的关键过程,可以明了荣禄严格遵照慈禧意旨指挥的围攻使馆,并非假攻,而是真打,战斗异常激烈,但这些战斗均服从并服务于慈禧"以战逼和"的政治决策及其变化,并由此严重影响到清军进攻的路线图和效率。加之围攻使馆之役具有城市街垒攻坚战的特点,清军不具备这样的近代军事素质,军纪、训练差,对先进武器掌握差,清军火炮的种类和性能不利于城市街垒作战,难以发挥自身优势,遂造成使馆久攻不下。
[Abstract]:The siege of the embassy in Beijing in June-August 1900 was an event that shook the Chinese and foreign countries during the Boxer Movement and the invasion of China by the allied forces of eight nations. This complex incident of political, military and diplomatic struggles has many basic historical facts that have puzzled the academic circles for a long time like chaos, and are in urgent need of clarification. One of the most important battles is the siege of the embassy, among which, the battle of the defense line in the palace is the most intense and the most important. The defensive side of the Battle of Su Wang Fu was carried out mainly by the Japanese Embassy Guard. Therefore, this article, based on the historical records of China, Japan and Britain, specifically discusses the military strength of the two sides and the initial stage of this service, based on the historical data of the Chinese, Japanese and British archives. The importance of the defense line and the state of the battle to rebuild the history on the basis of more reliable historical data. Through the elaboration of the key process of the siege of the embassy, it can be understood that the siege that Rong Lu strictly followed Cixi's intention to direct the embassy was not a false attack, but a real attack, and the fighting was extremely fierce. However, these battles served Cixi's political decisions and their changes, which seriously affected the road map and efficiency of the Qing offensive. In addition, the siege of the embassy had the characteristics of urban barricade warfare. The Qing army did not possess such modern military qualities, military discipline, poor training, poor mastery of advanced weapons, and the types and performance of the artillery of the Qing army were not conducive to urban barricade operations. Difficult to give play to their own advantages, resulting in the embassy can not attack for a long time.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学历史学院;中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【分类号】：K256

【参考文献】