铁路运输与近代郑州工商业发展关系研究（1908-1948）
发布时间：2018-07-29 10:39
【摘要】：铁路是近代工业革命的产物,是交通运输的重要部门。鸦片战争后,中国被逐步纳入到世界市场,与世界的联系越来越紧密。面对内忧外患,国内开明人士呼吁并开始在中国修建铁路。受资金及技术限制,中国铁路大多为几个主要资本主义国家所修筑,铁路的管理和营运一开始就受制于外国。京汉和陇海铁路就是在这种背景下修筑完成的,1906年京汉铁路建成,1908年汴洛铁路通车,两路在郑州相会。随着京汉铁路和粤汉铁路的对接和陇海铁路的逐渐展筑,郑州成为全国性的重要交通枢纽。 随着铁路的开通,郑州成为内地农矿产品的集聚地,并通过铁路运往京津沪汉等通商口岸城市,而外国和沿海地区的工业制成品也沿着铁路运抵郑州,继而销往郑州周边地区,甚至是陕甘等地。铁路运输具有大量、快速、便捷的交通优势,使之很快成为沿线客货运输的主要工具。在郑州进行中转的客货量迅速增长,但受铁路运行设备及军事战争等因素制约。 在铁路运输的带动下,郑州城市工商业逐步发展起来。传统手工业逐渐被近代机器所取代,以棉花也中心的打包业、纺织业迅速兴起,以郑州周边为市场的铁制品、木制品、玻璃品加工业日渐繁荣,郑州成为河南省重要的工业中心。同时以服务铁路运输的住宿餐饮业在郑州也快速发展起来,百货零售、电影照相、手表眼镜等沿海新商贸开始在郑州出现,而近代银行和传统银号、钱庄并存的金融业的快速发展,则显示出郑州商业的发达。 铁路运输与郑州工商业的发展是相互促进,共同发展的。铁路运输加强了郑州与周边地区甚至是沿海通商口岸的联系,郑州的城市腹地逐步发展起来,市场越来越广阔。沿海新兴的行业与技术逐步移植到郑州,因此无论是行业种类还是从业人员都具有明显的外来性。而工商业的发展推动了铁路自身的设备和服务的改良,促使铁路服务机构的发展,促进了本为铁路运输业务一部分的堆栈业和转运业的繁荣。 因路而兴是近郑州城市工商业的发展根本原因,因而其发展动力是外来的,而非内在的；从结构上看,商业繁荣,而工业发展缓慢。从发展阶段上看,铁路通而工商兴,铁路停则工商衰,因而对铁路的严重依赖也是制约郑州工商业发展的一个重要原因。
[Abstract]:Railway is the product of modern industrial revolution and an important department of transportation. After the Opium War, China was gradually incorporated into the world market, and more closely linked with the world. Faced with internal and external troubles, domestic enlightened people called for and began to build railways in China. Limited by capital and technology, most of China's railways were built by major capitalist countries, and their management and operation were initially restricted by foreign countries. The Beijing-Han and Longhai railways were built under this background. The Beijing-Han railway was built in 1906 and the Bianluo railway was opened to traffic in 1908. The two roads met in Zhengzhou. With the docking of Beijing-Han Railway and Yueh-Han Railway and the gradual development of Longhai Railway, Zhengzhou has become an important national transportation hub. With the opening of the railway, Zhengzhou became a gathering place for agricultural and mineral products in the interior, and it was transported by rail to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Han and other trading port cities, while manufactured goods from foreign countries and coastal areas also arrived in Zhengzhou along the railway and then sold to the surrounding areas of Zhengzhou. Even places like Shaanxi and Gansu. Railway transportation has the advantages of large, fast and convenient transportation, which makes it the main means of passenger and freight transportation. The passenger volume in Zhengzhou increased rapidly, but was restricted by railway operation equipment and military warfare. Under the impetus of railway transportation, Zhengzhou city industry and commerce develops step by step. The traditional handicraft industry was gradually replaced by modern machinery, with the packaging industry of cotton as the center, the textile industry springing up rapidly, and the iron products, wood products and glass products processing industry around Zhengzhou became more and more prosperous. Zhengzhou has become an important industrial center in Henan Province. At the same time, the accommodation and catering industry, which serves railway transport, has also developed rapidly in Zhengzhou. New coastal commerce such as retail sales, film photography, watches and glasses began to appear in Zhengzhou, while modern banks and traditional silver brands began to appear. The rapid development of financial industry with the coexistence of banks shows the commercial development of Zhengzhou. Railway transportation and the development of Zhengzhou industry and commerce promote each other and develop together. Railway transportation has strengthened the connection between Zhengzhou and the surrounding areas and even the coastal ports. The urban hinterland of Zhengzhou has gradually developed and the market is becoming wider and wider. Coastal emerging industries and technologies are gradually transplanted to Zhengzhou, so both industry types and employees have obvious externalities. The development of industry and commerce promoted the improvement of railway equipment and service, promoted the development of railway service organization, and promoted the prosperity of stack industry and transportation industry, which was a part of railway transportation business. The development of industry and commerce is the fundamental reason for the development of industry and commerce near Zhengzhou city, so the motive force of its development is external, not intrinsic; from the structural point of view, commercial prosperity, but industrial development is slow. From the point of view of the development stage, the railway links and the industry and commerce flourish, the railway stops the industry and commerce decline, therefore the heavy dependence on the railway is also an important reason that restricts the development of Zhengzhou industry and commerce.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F532.9;F729;K25
本文编号：2152417
[Abstract]:Railway is the product of modern industrial revolution and an important department of transportation. After the Opium War, China was gradually incorporated into the world market, and more closely linked with the world. Faced with internal and external troubles, domestic enlightened people called for and began to build railways in China. Limited by capital and technology, most of China's railways were built by major capitalist countries, and their management and operation were initially restricted by foreign countries. The Beijing-Han and Longhai railways were built under this background. The Beijing-Han railway was built in 1906 and the Bianluo railway was opened to traffic in 1908. The two roads met in Zhengzhou. With the docking of Beijing-Han Railway and Yueh-Han Railway and the gradual development of Longhai Railway, Zhengzhou has become an important national transportation hub. With the opening of the railway, Zhengzhou became a gathering place for agricultural and mineral products in the interior, and it was transported by rail to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Han and other trading port cities, while manufactured goods from foreign countries and coastal areas also arrived in Zhengzhou along the railway and then sold to the surrounding areas of Zhengzhou. Even places like Shaanxi and Gansu. Railway transportation has the advantages of large, fast and convenient transportation, which makes it the main means of passenger and freight transportation. The passenger volume in Zhengzhou increased rapidly, but was restricted by railway operation equipment and military warfare. Under the impetus of railway transportation, Zhengzhou city industry and commerce develops step by step. The traditional handicraft industry was gradually replaced by modern machinery, with the packaging industry of cotton as the center, the textile industry springing up rapidly, and the iron products, wood products and glass products processing industry around Zhengzhou became more and more prosperous. Zhengzhou has become an important industrial center in Henan Province. At the same time, the accommodation and catering industry, which serves railway transport, has also developed rapidly in Zhengzhou. New coastal commerce such as retail sales, film photography, watches and glasses began to appear in Zhengzhou, while modern banks and traditional silver brands began to appear. The rapid development of financial industry with the coexistence of banks shows the commercial development of Zhengzhou. Railway transportation and the development of Zhengzhou industry and commerce promote each other and develop together. Railway transportation has strengthened the connection between Zhengzhou and the surrounding areas and even the coastal ports. The urban hinterland of Zhengzhou has gradually developed and the market is becoming wider and wider. Coastal emerging industries and technologies are gradually transplanted to Zhengzhou, so both industry types and employees have obvious externalities. The development of industry and commerce promoted the improvement of railway equipment and service, promoted the development of railway service organization, and promoted the prosperity of stack industry and transportation industry, which was a part of railway transportation business. The development of industry and commerce is the fundamental reason for the development of industry and commerce near Zhengzhou city, so the motive force of its development is external, not intrinsic; from the structural point of view, commercial prosperity, but industrial development is slow. From the point of view of the development stage, the railway links and the industry and commerce flourish, the railway stops the industry and commerce decline, therefore the heavy dependence on the railway is also an important reason that restricts the development of Zhengzhou industry and commerce.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F532.9;F729;K25
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