南京国民政府时期海关缉私法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 20:15

【摘要】：走私是一种存在于国际间的非法现象。因对外经济贸易的商品差价和进出口管理限制而产生,深受国家政治经济形势的影响。自清末,国家政权受到帝国主义的破坏,直至南京国民政府时期,走私活动由于中国政治经济形势处于劣势而日益猖獗。海关作为一个国家监督进出口事务的行政机关,承担着缉私的职责,是中国政府的一项独立权力。然而自清末以来,完整的海关制度和主权不断被破坏,缉私的权利也随之被剥夺。在长达一百多年的半殖民地的历史中,对于海关主权的回收和缉私制度建设,中国政府做了顽强的奋斗。特别是在南京国民政府时期,为重整国家经济,建立统一的缉私制度,打击走私的努力在当时成为极其重要的一环。本文旨在对南京国民政府时期颁布的海关缉私法律文本和海关档案的研究,从法学的视角,从海关缉私的立法、机构建设、缉私的权利义务等方面探讨此制度的特点和不足,作出忠于历史的评价。正文部分除绪论外,分为四个章。第一章主要针对走私与缉私的相关概念和行为进行界定,以及中国海关缉私制度的发展沿革,分析近代海关缉私法律制度的背景。第二、三章主要针对南京国民政府时期海关缉私法律制度进行详细分析,从缉私机构和缉私立法、缉私的权利义务方面,以及缉私成效方面探讨此制度的优劣性。第四章,根据前面部分的研究成果对南京国民政府时期的海关缉私法律制度做出评价:第一,在合法合宪的前提下,海关缉私享有多样的强制措施、严厉的惩罚制度、以及广泛的缉私对象,和合理的控权和监督机制;第二,从中央到地方的统一的缉私制度能有效整合和利用社会资源,保障缉私工作的高效进行;第三,海关缉私法律制度需要以强大的国力为基础方能有效运行;第四,统一的海关缉私法律制度的建设对依法缉私提出了更高的要求;第五,海关缉私法律制度建设有助于法律移植和现代科学海关制度的形成。
[Abstract]:Smuggling is an illegal phenomenon in the world. Because of the commodity price difference of foreign economy and trade and the restriction of import and export management, it is deeply influenced by the political and economic situation of the country. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the state power was destroyed by imperialism, until the period of Nanjing National Government, smuggling activities became increasingly rampant due to the disadvantage of China's political and economic situation. As an administrative organ of supervising import and export affairs, customs is an independent power of the Chinese government. However, since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the complete customs system and sovereignty have been continuously violated, and the right to prevent smuggling has also been deprived. In the history of more than 100 years of semi-colony, the Chinese government has made indomitable struggle for the recovery of customs sovereignty and the construction of anti-smuggling system. Especially in the period of Nanjing National Government, in order to restructure the national economy, establish a unified anti-smuggling system, and crack down on smuggling, it became an extremely important link at that time. The purpose of this paper is to study the texts of customs anti-smuggling laws and customs archives promulgated by the Nanjing National Government, and to discuss the characteristics and shortcomings of this system from the perspective of law, from the aspects of legislation, institution construction, rights and obligations of customs anti-smuggling, and so on. Make an assessment of loyalty to history. The text is divided into four chapters except the introduction. The first chapter defines the related concepts and behaviors of smuggling and anti-smuggling, as well as the development and evolution of China's customs anti-smuggling system, and analyzes the background of modern customs anti-smuggling legal system. Second, the third chapter mainly analyzes the customs anti-smuggling legal system in Nanjing National Government period, discusses the merits and demerits of this system from the aspects of anti-smuggling organization and anti-smuggling legislation, the rights and obligations of anti-smuggling, and the effectiveness of anti-smuggling. The fourth chapter, according to the previous part of the research results of the Nanjing National Government to make an evaluation of the customs anti-smuggling legal system: first, under the legal and constitutional premise, customs anti-smuggling enjoy a variety of coercive measures, severe punishment system, As well as a wide range of anti-smuggling objects, and reasonable control and supervision mechanisms; second, a unified anti-smuggling system from the central to the local level can effectively integrate and utilize social resources and ensure the efficient conduct of anti-smuggling work; third, The customs anti-smuggling legal system needs to be based on the strong national strength in order to operate effectively; fourth, the construction of a unified customs anti-smuggling legal system has put forward higher requirements for the prevention of smuggling according to law; fifthly, The construction of customs anti-smuggling legal system is helpful to the transplantation of law and the formation of modern scientific customs system.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D929;D922.29;K262.9

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