战后初期上海苏北难民救济研究

发布时间：2018-08-05 16:45

【摘要】：抗战胜利后,苏北成为国共两党争夺激烈的地区,战火不断再加上自然灾害频发,苏北民众无法在当地生存下去,大量逃难来到上海。安置难民是政府的职责,本文以苏北来沪难民为研究对象,描述了苏北难民的基本概况,阐述了国民政府以及民间团体两大板块救济难民的机构、政策和措施,最后分析了战后初期上海救济难民的成效与不足。全文分五个部分进行论述：第一部分主要分析了战后来沪苏北难民的基本状况,认为难民主要是由战争和灾荒引起的,他们缺乏自救的能力,急需救助；第二部分介绍国民政府设立的难民救济机构、政策以及民间的救济机构；第三部分主要阐述国民政府和民间救济难民的各项措施。国民政府通过官方机构进行了救济,而民间的救济机构在进行救济款的筹集和难民登记后,通过发放物资,举办急赈、办理难民小本贷款和遣送难民回乡等一系列措施,使大批难民得到了安置。在救济过程中,由苏北旅沪同乡人士组织的“上海苏北流亡难民临时救济委员会”发挥了巨大的社会作用。第四部分重点分析国民政府救济难民的成效与不足。虽然政府的难民救济制度和政策日趋规范化和制度化,但当时的中国经历了长时间的战争和处在内战的环境下,通货膨胀严重,物资十分匮乏,再加上国民党自身的腐败,国民政府的救济效果并不是很理想,弱化了政府的角色。第五部分分析了民间组织在救济中的主导作用。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Subei became an area in which the KMT and the CPC competed intensely. With the continuous war and the frequent natural disasters, the people of northern Jiangsu were unable to survive in the area, and a large number of people fled to Shanghai. The resettlement of refugees is the responsibility of the government. This paper takes the refugees from northern Jiangsu to Shanghai as the research object, describes the basic situation of refugees in northern Jiangsu, and expounds the organizations, policies and measures of the national government and civil society to relieve the refugees. Finally, the paper analyzes the effectiveness and deficiency of the relief of refugees in Shanghai in the early postwar period. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part mainly analyzes the basic situation of refugees in northern Shanghai and Jiangsu after the war, thinks that the refugees are mainly caused by the war and famine, they lack the ability to help themselves, they are in urgent need of rescue; The second part introduces the refugee relief agencies, policies and folk relief agencies set up by the National Government, and the third part mainly expounds the measures of the National Government and the folk relief for the refugees. The National Government has provided relief through official agencies. After collecting relief funds and registering refugees, non-governmental relief organizations have taken a series of measures, such as distributing supplies, organizing emergency relief, handling small loans for refugees and returning refugees to their hometowns. A large number of refugees were resettled. In the relief process, the "Shanghai interim Relief Committee for exiled Refugees in Northern Jiangsu Province", organized by fellow citizens from the northern Jiangsu Province, played a great social role. The fourth part focuses on the analysis of the effectiveness and insufficiency of the national government relief for the refugees. Although the government's refugee relief system and policy are becoming more and more standardized and institutionalized, at that time China experienced a long war and was in the environment of civil war, with serious inflation and a very short supply, plus the corruption of the Kuomintang itself. The national government's relief effect is not very ideal, weakened the government's role. The fifth part analyzes the leading role of civil organizations in relief.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

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