“大跃进”时期山西省农田水利建设研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 11:51
【摘要】：本文研究“大跃进”时期的山西农田水利建设,时间为1957一1960年。之所以选择以1957年冬季为起点,是因为多年来形成了每年冬春开展大规模群众性的农田水利建设的惯例。选择该题来撰写硕士毕业论文,是基于以下几点:一是农田水利建设事关人类生存、经济发展和社会进步,历来是推动农业生产和治国安邦的大事。二是由“大跃进”时期在建国以来山西农田水利建设史上的重要性决定的。旧中国农田水利经久失修,新中国的成立改变了落后的生产关系,为农田水利事业的发展开辟了道路。鉴于解决自然灾害的强烈诉求以及农业在国民经济中的基础性地位,从1957年冬季开始,一场席卷全国范围的大规模农田水利建设运动逐渐形成。三是“大跃进”时期山西的农田水利建设到目前为止还没有人作深入系统的研究,本文试图在此问题上做些有益的尝试。“大跃进”时期山西省农田水利建设虽然是在全国统一部署和要求下开展的,但深深地打上了山西的烙印。该省地处中纬度的内陆,加上地形、气候的复杂性,水资源贫乏成为山西省最大的资源劣势。山西的农田水利建设主要是为了抵御旱灾,解决农田的灌溉问题。1957年秋,山西遭遇了建国以来最严重的旱灾,为了减轻干旱给人民的生产生活带来的不利影响,山西各级政府积极领导广大人民开展大规模的抗旱保苗运动。随后,运动向更深层发展,逐渐转向了农田水利建设方面的“大跃进”,其内容主要是打水井,以及兴修小、中、大型的水库。大规模农田水利建设的开展,势必碰到许多难题,如群众思想上的疑惑、劳动力和技术人员的缺乏、资金不足和物资供应困难等,都需要一一加以解决。“大跃进”时期山西农田水利建设的开展很大程度上是基于山西农业发展的需要,即使没有全国“大跃进”的背景,山西的农田水利建设也势在必行。这一时期山西的农田水利建设取得的成就是有目共睹的,期间修建的许多大、中型水利工程至今仍发挥着重要作用。但在全国“大跃进”高潮的背景下,山西的农田水利建设也出现了不小问题,突出表现为盲目追求高指标,工程规模超出了当时山西省的实际能力,水利工程明显存在着重数量轻质量的问题,留下了深刻教训。本文对“大跃进”时期山西的农田水利建设进行了考察,对农田水利建设过程中的政府动态、组织动员、建设中遇到的困难以及取得的成绩和失误进行了阐述与分析,试图理清事情发展的脉络,使人们客观地认识这段历史。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi during the Great Leap forward period, from 1957 to 1960. The reason for choosing the winter of 1957 as the starting point is that for many years the practice of large-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction has been established in winter and spring every year. It is based on the following points: first, the construction of farmland and water conservancy is related to the survival of human beings, economic development and social progress, and has always been a major event in promoting agricultural production and administering the country and peace. The second is determined by the importance of the Great Leap forward period in the history of farmland and water conservancy construction in Shanxi since the founding of the people's Republic of China. The establishment of new China changed the backward relations of production and opened the way for the development of farmland and water conservancy. In view of the strong demand for solving natural disasters and the basic position of agriculture in the national economy, a large-scale farmland and water conservancy construction movement sweeping the whole country has gradually formed since the winter of 1957. Third, the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi during the "Great Leap forward" period has not been studied deeply and systematically so far. This paper attempts to make some beneficial attempts on this issue. In the period of "Great Leap forward", the construction of farmland and water conservancy in Shanxi Province was carried out under the unified arrangement and requirement of the whole country, but it was deeply branded by Shanxi. Due to the landform and climate complexity, the water shortage is the biggest resource disadvantage in Shanxi Province. The construction of farmland and water conservancy in Shanxi is mainly to resist drought and solve the irrigation problem of farmland. In the autumn of 1957, Shanxi was hit by the worst drought since the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to mitigate the adverse effects of the drought on people's production and life. Shanxi government at all levels actively led the broad masses of people to carry out a large-scale drought-resistant seedling-protection campaign. Later, the movement moved deeper, gradually turning to the "Great Leap forward" in irrigation and water conservancy construction, which mainly involved drilling wells and building small, medium and large reservoirs. The development of large-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction is bound to encounter many difficult problems, such as the ideological doubts of the masses, the shortage of labor and technical personnel, the shortage of funds and the difficulties in the supply of materials, and so on, all of which need to be solved one by one. In the period of "Great Leap forward", the development of irrigation and water conservancy construction in Shanxi was largely based on the needs of Shanxi's agricultural development. Even without the background of "Great Leap forward" in the whole country, the construction of farmland and water conservancy in Shanxi is imperative. The achievements of irrigation and water conservancy construction in Shanxi during this period are obvious to all, and many large and medium-sized water conservancy projects built during this period still play an important role. However, against the background of the high tide of the "Great Leap forward" in the whole country, the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi Province has also appeared a lot of problems, which is manifested in the blind pursuit of high targets, and the scale of the project exceeded the actual capacity of Shanxi Province at that time. Water conservancy projects obviously exist the problem of heavy quantity and light quality, leaving a profound lesson. This paper investigates the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi during the Great Leap forward period, and expounds and analyzes the government dynamics, organizational mobilization, difficulties encountered in the construction, achievements and mistakes made in the process of the construction of irrigation and water conservancy. Try to clarify the development of the context of things, so that people objectively understand this section of history.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K27
本文编号：2169937
[Abstract]:This paper studies the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi during the Great Leap forward period, from 1957 to 1960. The reason for choosing the winter of 1957 as the starting point is that for many years the practice of large-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction has been established in winter and spring every year. It is based on the following points: first, the construction of farmland and water conservancy is related to the survival of human beings, economic development and social progress, and has always been a major event in promoting agricultural production and administering the country and peace. The second is determined by the importance of the Great Leap forward period in the history of farmland and water conservancy construction in Shanxi since the founding of the people's Republic of China. The establishment of new China changed the backward relations of production and opened the way for the development of farmland and water conservancy. In view of the strong demand for solving natural disasters and the basic position of agriculture in the national economy, a large-scale farmland and water conservancy construction movement sweeping the whole country has gradually formed since the winter of 1957. Third, the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi during the "Great Leap forward" period has not been studied deeply and systematically so far. This paper attempts to make some beneficial attempts on this issue. In the period of "Great Leap forward", the construction of farmland and water conservancy in Shanxi Province was carried out under the unified arrangement and requirement of the whole country, but it was deeply branded by Shanxi. Due to the landform and climate complexity, the water shortage is the biggest resource disadvantage in Shanxi Province. The construction of farmland and water conservancy in Shanxi is mainly to resist drought and solve the irrigation problem of farmland. In the autumn of 1957, Shanxi was hit by the worst drought since the founding of the people's Republic of China, in order to mitigate the adverse effects of the drought on people's production and life. Shanxi government at all levels actively led the broad masses of people to carry out a large-scale drought-resistant seedling-protection campaign. Later, the movement moved deeper, gradually turning to the "Great Leap forward" in irrigation and water conservancy construction, which mainly involved drilling wells and building small, medium and large reservoirs. The development of large-scale irrigation and water conservancy construction is bound to encounter many difficult problems, such as the ideological doubts of the masses, the shortage of labor and technical personnel, the shortage of funds and the difficulties in the supply of materials, and so on, all of which need to be solved one by one. In the period of "Great Leap forward", the development of irrigation and water conservancy construction in Shanxi was largely based on the needs of Shanxi's agricultural development. Even without the background of "Great Leap forward" in the whole country, the construction of farmland and water conservancy in Shanxi is imperative. The achievements of irrigation and water conservancy construction in Shanxi during this period are obvious to all, and many large and medium-sized water conservancy projects built during this period still play an important role. However, against the background of the high tide of the "Great Leap forward" in the whole country, the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi Province has also appeared a lot of problems, which is manifested in the blind pursuit of high targets, and the scale of the project exceeded the actual capacity of Shanxi Province at that time. Water conservancy projects obviously exist the problem of heavy quantity and light quality, leaving a profound lesson. This paper investigates the construction of irrigation and water conservancy in Shanxi during the Great Leap forward period, and expounds and analyzes the government dynamics, organizational mobilization, difficulties encountered in the construction, achievements and mistakes made in the process of the construction of irrigation and water conservancy. Try to clarify the development of the context of things, so that people objectively understand this section of history.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K27
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