五四时期马克思主义在中国广泛传播的原因探析
发布时间：2018-08-08 16:54
【摘要】：马克思主义在五四时期得到广泛传播有其历史必然性。首先,五四时期具备了马克思主义在中国得到广泛传播的内在条件:指导近代中国革命的救国理论,无论是中国本土思想绝对平均主义和经世致用主义,还是西方思想理论社会进化论和民约论,都因为自身存在的局限性而不能指导中国革命走向胜利;新文化运动带来的思想解放潮流为各种新思想的传入开辟了道路,新文化运动强烈的反传统意识要求能够救中国的革命理论只能是来自西方,马克思主义作为一种思想理论传入中国;五四运动的直接导火线是巴黎和会上的外交失败,中国的先进分子从巴黎和会外交失败所给予的实际教训中开始看出各帝国主义列强联合压迫中国人民的实质,从而认识到能够救中国的革命理论必须来自西方而又批判西方,马克思主义刚好满足这种需求,因而五四时期马克思主义在中国得到了广泛的传播;五四运动前夕,中国已有200多万产业工人,工人阶级随着自身力量的壮大和革命运动的发展,迫切需要代表自身利益和广大劳苦民众利益的思想理论指导,马克思主义是无产阶级的世界观和思想武器,满足了工人阶级对革命理论的要求。其次,五四时期具备了马克思主义在中国得到广泛传播的外部因素:十月革命的胜利,改变了俄国工人阶级和劳苦大众的命运,使社会主义的理想在一个大国变成了现实,这在中国知识分子中产生了强烈的反响,这个事实促使他们把从来都是向西方资本主义学习的眼光转向同样来自西方但又强烈批判西方的社会主义苏俄;一战的爆发,使西方资本主义国家的矛盾和弊端尖锐的暴露出来,人们第一次从世界范围内感到资本主义丧失了光明的前途,从而引起中国知识分子对救过理论的再思考,转向接受马克思主义。最后,马克思主义的理论张力能够融合中国传统文化,马克思主义与中国实际相结合,实现民族化、本土化,最终为广大的中国人民接受和掌握。
[Abstract]:Marxism was widely spread in the May fourth Movement period has its historical inevitability. First of all, the May 4th period had the inherent conditions for the widespread spread of Marxism in China: the theory of saving the nation that guided the modern Chinese revolution, whether it was absolute equalitarianism or utilitarianism in Chinese native thought. It is also western ideological theory, social evolution theory and civil covenant theory, both of which cannot guide the Chinese revolution to victory because of their own limitations. The ideological emancipation trend brought about by the New Culture Movement has opened the way for the introduction of various new ideas. The strong anti-tradition consciousness of the New Cultural Movement requires that the revolutionary theory that can save China can only come from the West, that Marxism is introduced into China as a kind of ideological theory, and that the direct trigger of the May 4th Movement is the diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference. From the practical lessons given by the failure of the Paris Peace Conference diplomacy, the advanced elements of China began to see the essence of the United oppression of the Chinese people by the imperialist powers, and thus realized that the revolutionary theory capable of saving China must come from the West and criticize the West. Marxism just met this demand, so Marxism was widely spread in China during the May 4th Movement. On the eve of the May 4th Movement, China had more than 2 million industrial workers. With the growth of its own strength and the development of the revolutionary movement, the working class urgently needs ideological and theoretical guidance to represent its own interests and the interests of the working masses. Marxism is the world outlook and ideological weapon of the proletariat. It satisfies the demands of the working class on revolutionary theory. Secondly, the May 4th period had the external factors for the widespread spread of Marxism in China: the victory of the October Revolution changed the fate of the Russian working class and the laboring masses, and made the ideal of socialism a reality in a large country. This has had a strong reaction among Chinese intellectuals, and this fact has prompted them to turn their eyes, which have always been to learn from Western capitalism, to socialist Soviet Russia, which also comes from the West but also strongly criticizes the West; the outbreak of the first World War. The contradictions and drawbacks of western capitalist countries were exposed sharply, and people felt for the first time from the world that capitalism had lost a bright future, thus causing Chinese intellectuals to rethink the theory of salvation. To accept Marxism. Finally, the theoretical tension of Marxism can be integrated with Chinese traditional culture, Marxism and Chinese reality can be combined to realize nationalization, localization, and eventually accepted and mastered by the broad masses of Chinese people.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K261.1
本文编号：2172421
[Abstract]:Marxism was widely spread in the May fourth Movement period has its historical inevitability. First of all, the May 4th period had the inherent conditions for the widespread spread of Marxism in China: the theory of saving the nation that guided the modern Chinese revolution, whether it was absolute equalitarianism or utilitarianism in Chinese native thought. It is also western ideological theory, social evolution theory and civil covenant theory, both of which cannot guide the Chinese revolution to victory because of their own limitations. The ideological emancipation trend brought about by the New Culture Movement has opened the way for the introduction of various new ideas. The strong anti-tradition consciousness of the New Cultural Movement requires that the revolutionary theory that can save China can only come from the West, that Marxism is introduced into China as a kind of ideological theory, and that the direct trigger of the May 4th Movement is the diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference. From the practical lessons given by the failure of the Paris Peace Conference diplomacy, the advanced elements of China began to see the essence of the United oppression of the Chinese people by the imperialist powers, and thus realized that the revolutionary theory capable of saving China must come from the West and criticize the West. Marxism just met this demand, so Marxism was widely spread in China during the May 4th Movement. On the eve of the May 4th Movement, China had more than 2 million industrial workers. With the growth of its own strength and the development of the revolutionary movement, the working class urgently needs ideological and theoretical guidance to represent its own interests and the interests of the working masses. Marxism is the world outlook and ideological weapon of the proletariat. It satisfies the demands of the working class on revolutionary theory. Secondly, the May 4th period had the external factors for the widespread spread of Marxism in China: the victory of the October Revolution changed the fate of the Russian working class and the laboring masses, and made the ideal of socialism a reality in a large country. This has had a strong reaction among Chinese intellectuals, and this fact has prompted them to turn their eyes, which have always been to learn from Western capitalism, to socialist Soviet Russia, which also comes from the West but also strongly criticizes the West; the outbreak of the first World War. The contradictions and drawbacks of western capitalist countries were exposed sharply, and people felt for the first time from the world that capitalism had lost a bright future, thus causing Chinese intellectuals to rethink the theory of salvation. To accept Marxism. Finally, the theoretical tension of Marxism can be integrated with Chinese traditional culture, Marxism and Chinese reality can be combined to realize nationalization, localization, and eventually accepted and mastered by the broad masses of Chinese people.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K261.1
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 赵文丹;陈唯实与马克思主义哲学大众化[D];中共中央党校;2012年
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 程鹏宇;建国前马克思主义史学的中国史观[D];西北大学;2013年
，本文编号：2172421
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