国民党与五四纪念（1919-1949）
发布时间：2018-08-18 15:40
【摘要】：自从五四运动发生以来,一年一度的五四纪念就形成了,这种纪念活动一直延续到现在,它本身也成为中国近现代史上一个重要的现象。本文从五四纪念这样一个特殊的视角,通过分析1919年至1949年国民党纪念五四运动的相关史料,展示了国民党有关五四纪念的历史记忆与现实政治之间的错综复杂的互动关系。 论文除绪论和结语外共分三部分： 第一部分：青年学生在五四运动期间展示了巨大的政治力量,孙中山迅速的给予支持的态度,在学界组织的五四纪念会中,国民党主要领导人积极参与,利用讲话的时机发表时局言论并阐发对青年学生力量的重视。 第二部分阐述了南京国民政府成立后是国民党纪念五四的重要时期。1933年以后,五四纪念被国民党刻意的遗忘了。1939年后,国民党重启五四纪念,此一时期的五四纪念主要是密切联系国民党颁布的政策纲领,动员青年,为抗战服务,并刻意强化蒋介石在抗战中的地位和建国的重要性。抗日战争结束后,国民党的五四纪念掉转矛头,直指中共,展开了对中共的指责和诋毁。 第三部分,围绕五四运动的产生、结局,国民党有意将五四纳入其政治意识形态三民主义的理论建构之中,这是国民党主观选取五四对自己有用的资源,以便催生服务于统治的公共舆论,强化政权存在合法性。国民党对五四运动的定位紧随时局变化而变化：五四运动是学生爱国运动；由爱国运动升级到三民主义的革命运动；五四运动的精神是抗日的,是救国运动；国民党又重申五四爱国精神,强调五四运动是反军阀反割据(意指中国共产党)的运动。 国民党有目的、有意识的纪念五四,其背后的纪念目的,随着时局的发展,主观的需要成为纪念五四的题中之义。纪念要为当下服务,社会形势的变化要求国民党要不停的呈现五四纪念,根据当前时局和统治需要,选取适当内容加以利用。国民党要在五四纪念中,渗透政治价值理念和政策纲领,动员青年学生响应国民党的政策,使青年学生保持对其政治系统的忠诚度。可以说,国民党纪念五四的同时就是一个建构五四记忆的过程,这个过程具有连续性的功能,它不是孤立的回顾五四,而是要使五四变成具有现实意义的叙述系列。国民党建构的五四记忆是和时局密切联系在一起的,其建构的一个重要功能就是满足时局的精神需要。
[Abstract]:Since the May 4th Movement, the annual May 4th memorial has been formed, which has continued to the present, and it itself has become an important phenomenon in the modern history of China. From the perspective of the May 4th Memorial, this paper analyzes the relevant historical data of the May 4th Movement commemorated by the Kuomintang from 1919 to 1949, and shows the complicated interaction between the historical memory of the May fourth Memorial and the realistic politics. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into three parts: the first part: young students showed great political power during the May 4th Movement, and Sun Zhongshan quickly supported the attitude, in the May 4th Memorial meeting organized by academic circles. The main leaders of the KMT actively participated in the speech, using the occasion of the speech to make speeches and explain the importance attached to the strength of young students. The second part expounds that the establishment of the Nanjing National Government was an important period for the KMT to commemorate the May 4th Movement. After 1933, the May 4th Memorial was deliberately forgotten by the KMT. After 1939, the Kuomintang restarted the May 4th Memorial. The memorial of the May 4th Movement in this period was mainly related closely to the policy program promulgated by the Kuomintang to mobilize young people to serve the War of Resistance and to deliberately strengthen the position of Jiang Jieshi in the War of Resistance and the importance of the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the end of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Kuomintang's May 4th memorial turned to the Communist Party and began to denounce and denigrate the Communist Party. The third part, around the emergence and outcome of the May 4th Movement, the KMT intends to bring the May fourth Movement into the theoretical construction of the three people's principles of its political ideology, which is a useful resource for the Kuomintang to choose subjectively the May 4th Movement. In order to stimulate the emergence of public opinion in the service of governance, strengthen the legitimacy of political existence. The position of the Kuomintang on the May 4th Movement changed with the change of the situation: the May 4th Movement was a patriotic movement for students, the revolutionary movement upgraded from the patriotic movement to the three people's principles, the spirit of the May 4th Movement was anti-Japanese, and it was a national salvation movement. The Kuomintang reiterated the patriotic spirit of the May 4 th Movement and stressed that the May 4th Movement was an anti-warlord anti-secession movement. With the development of the current situation, the subjective need of the Kuomintang to commemorate the May 4th Movement has become the meaning of the May 4th memorial. In order to serve the present, the change of the social situation requires the Kuomintang to keep presenting the May 4th memorial, according to the current situation and the needs of the rule, select appropriate content to be used. In the May 4th memorial, the Kuomintang should infiltrate the political value concept and policy program, mobilize young students to respond to the policies of the Kuomintang, and make the young students keep their loyalty to their political system. It can be said that the KMT commemorating the May 4th Movement at the same time is a process of constructing the memory of the May fourth Movement. This process has a continuous function. It is not an isolated review of the May fourth Movement, but a series of narrations of practical significance. KMT's memory of the May 4th Movement was closely related to the situation, and one of its important functions was to meet the spiritual needs of the situation.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K26
[Abstract]:Since the May 4th Movement, the annual May 4th memorial has been formed, which has continued to the present, and it itself has become an important phenomenon in the modern history of China. From the perspective of the May 4th Memorial, this paper analyzes the relevant historical data of the May 4th Movement commemorated by the Kuomintang from 1919 to 1949, and shows the complicated interaction between the historical memory of the May fourth Memorial and the realistic politics. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into three parts: the first part: young students showed great political power during the May 4th Movement, and Sun Zhongshan quickly supported the attitude, in the May 4th Memorial meeting organized by academic circles. The main leaders of the KMT actively participated in the speech, using the occasion of the speech to make speeches and explain the importance attached to the strength of young students. The second part expounds that the establishment of the Nanjing National Government was an important period for the KMT to commemorate the May 4th Movement. After 1933, the May 4th Memorial was deliberately forgotten by the KMT. After 1939, the Kuomintang restarted the May 4th Memorial. The memorial of the May 4th Movement in this period was mainly related closely to the policy program promulgated by the Kuomintang to mobilize young people to serve the War of Resistance and to deliberately strengthen the position of Jiang Jieshi in the War of Resistance and the importance of the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the end of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Kuomintang's May 4th memorial turned to the Communist Party and began to denounce and denigrate the Communist Party. The third part, around the emergence and outcome of the May 4th Movement, the KMT intends to bring the May fourth Movement into the theoretical construction of the three people's principles of its political ideology, which is a useful resource for the Kuomintang to choose subjectively the May 4th Movement. In order to stimulate the emergence of public opinion in the service of governance, strengthen the legitimacy of political existence. The position of the Kuomintang on the May 4th Movement changed with the change of the situation: the May 4th Movement was a patriotic movement for students, the revolutionary movement upgraded from the patriotic movement to the three people's principles, the spirit of the May 4th Movement was anti-Japanese, and it was a national salvation movement. The Kuomintang reiterated the patriotic spirit of the May 4 th Movement and stressed that the May 4th Movement was an anti-warlord anti-secession movement. With the development of the current situation, the subjective need of the Kuomintang to commemorate the May 4th Movement has become the meaning of the May 4th memorial. In order to serve the present, the change of the social situation requires the Kuomintang to keep presenting the May 4th memorial, according to the current situation and the needs of the rule, select appropriate content to be used. In the May 4th memorial, the Kuomintang should infiltrate the political value concept and policy program, mobilize young students to respond to the policies of the Kuomintang, and make the young students keep their loyalty to their political system. It can be said that the KMT commemorating the May 4th Movement at the same time is a process of constructing the memory of the May fourth Movement. This process has a continuous function. It is not an isolated review of the May fourth Movement, but a series of narrations of practical significance. KMT's memory of the May 4th Movement was closely related to the situation, and one of its important functions was to meet the spiritual needs of the situation.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K26
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