战后汉口职业介绍所研究（1946-1949）
发布时间：2018-08-19 12:43
【摘要】：随着对社会史研究的逐步重视,民国时期失业问题的探讨也愈加受到学术界的关注。然而以往研究多关注民国二三十年代的失业问题,尤其是以探讨上海的城市失业问题为中心,而对抗战后汉口的失业问题关注较少,研究相对薄弱。而汉口,作为华中地区重要的经济中心在抗战中损失惨重,失业问题突出。本文试图以抗战结束后(1946-1949)的汉口为时空范围,以国民政府主办的汉口职业介绍所为研究对象,利用武汉市档案馆资料及当时的报刊资料通过对汉口职业介绍所成立的时代环境、成立过程、组织发展情况以及其业务开展的网络化建构模式作一概括和分析,并对该所最终取得的成绩及其不足加以探讨。通过对这一问题的研究,进而透视出国民政府在抗战后为重构社会秩序、解决失业问题做出的努力。 本文以官办汉口职业介绍所的产生、发展、业务活动以及成效分析为主线,主要运用统计学的计量方法以及区域史的研究视角试图展现该所的历史真相及历史意义。该所成立的时间只有短短的两年半,但其成立及发展过程不仅展示出当时社会发展状况、突出汉口区域特点,也为国民政府解决失业问题起到了一定作用。具体表现以下几方面。 从汉口职业介绍所的成立背景来看,它是国家和社会的双重需要。战后国力重创,失业状况严重,为应对此问题,稳定社会必须要设立官办职业介绍所。而汉口作为抗战中损失最为严重的地区,工厂倒闭,失业人多,这一机构在汉口成立也是势在必行。从组织情况来看,该所随着业务的不断开展,组织体系也在逐步发展。在运作程序上更是体现了科学化的特点,具有现代性。从其主要业务开展分析,更能突出该所的特点即业务的发展有纵横交错的网络化模式特征。这一模式是该所尽力使业务的发展具有最佳效果,以汉口职介为中心,并指导、介绍与推广为一体的小规模网络活动。再从该所的具体工作成效来看,它既解决了一部分民众的就业问题,并实践了一种新的求职方式。但由于时局的影响,实践过程的虎头蛇尾等不足原因使其颇为遗憾。总之,通过对战后汉口职业介绍所分析不难看出,国民政府在应对失业问题重新建构社会秩序方面也做出了尝试和努力,为此我们应该辩证地看待这一历史真相。
[Abstract]:With the gradual attention to the study of social history, the study of unemployment in the Republic of China has been paid more and more attention by the academic community. However, previous studies focused on unemployment in the 1920s and 1930s, especially on the urban unemployment in Shanghai, but little attention was paid to the unemployment in Hankou after the war, and the research was relatively weak. Hankou, as an important economic center in Central China, suffered heavy losses in the War of Resistance against Japan. Taking Hankou (1946-1949) after the War of Resistance against Japan (1946-1949) as the time and space scope, taking the Hankou Employment Agency sponsored by the National Government as the research object, this paper makes use of the materials of Wuhan Archives and the newspapers and periodicals at that time through the time environment of the establishment of the Hankou Employment Agency. In the process of establishment, the development of the organization and the mode of network construction of its business are summarized and analyzed, and the final achievements and shortcomings of the institute are discussed. Through the study of this problem, the paper points out the efforts made by the National Government to reconstruct the social order and solve the unemployment problem after the War of Resistance against Japan. Based on the origin, development, business activities and effectiveness analysis of the official Hankou employment agency, this paper tries to show the historical truth and historical significance of Hankou employment agency by using the statistical measurement method and the research perspective of regional history. The establishment and development of the institute only lasted for two and a half years, but its establishment and development process not only showed the social development at that time, highlighted the regional characteristics of Hankou, but also played a certain role in solving the unemployment problem for the national government. Specific performance of the following aspects. From the background of the establishment of Hankou employment agency, it is the dual needs of the state and society. In order to deal with this problem, government-run employment agencies must be set up to stabilize the society. Hankou, as the region with the most serious losses in the War of Resistance against Japan, closed its factories and lost many people, so it is imperative to set up this institution in Hankou. From the organizational point of view, with the continuous development of business, the organizational system is also gradually developing. In the operation procedure, it embodies the characteristics of science and modernity. From the analysis of its main business, it can highlight the characteristics of the institute, that is, the development of the business has the characteristics of crisscross network mode. This model is a small scale network activity that the institute tries its best to make the business development with Hankou as the center, and guides, introduces and popularizes the small scale network activities. From the concrete effect of the institute, it not only solves the employment problem of some people, but also practices a new way of seeking employment. However, due to the influence of the current situation, the lack of practical process makes it rather regrettable. In a word, it is not difficult to find out through the analysis of the postwar Hankou Employment Agency that the National Government has also made attempts and efforts in dealing with the problem of unemployment and reconstructing the social order. Therefore, we should treat this historical truth dialectically.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F249.29;K26
本文编号：2191681
[Abstract]:With the gradual attention to the study of social history, the study of unemployment in the Republic of China has been paid more and more attention by the academic community. However, previous studies focused on unemployment in the 1920s and 1930s, especially on the urban unemployment in Shanghai, but little attention was paid to the unemployment in Hankou after the war, and the research was relatively weak. Hankou, as an important economic center in Central China, suffered heavy losses in the War of Resistance against Japan. Taking Hankou (1946-1949) after the War of Resistance against Japan (1946-1949) as the time and space scope, taking the Hankou Employment Agency sponsored by the National Government as the research object, this paper makes use of the materials of Wuhan Archives and the newspapers and periodicals at that time through the time environment of the establishment of the Hankou Employment Agency. In the process of establishment, the development of the organization and the mode of network construction of its business are summarized and analyzed, and the final achievements and shortcomings of the institute are discussed. Through the study of this problem, the paper points out the efforts made by the National Government to reconstruct the social order and solve the unemployment problem after the War of Resistance against Japan. Based on the origin, development, business activities and effectiveness analysis of the official Hankou employment agency, this paper tries to show the historical truth and historical significance of Hankou employment agency by using the statistical measurement method and the research perspective of regional history. The establishment and development of the institute only lasted for two and a half years, but its establishment and development process not only showed the social development at that time, highlighted the regional characteristics of Hankou, but also played a certain role in solving the unemployment problem for the national government. Specific performance of the following aspects. From the background of the establishment of Hankou employment agency, it is the dual needs of the state and society. In order to deal with this problem, government-run employment agencies must be set up to stabilize the society. Hankou, as the region with the most serious losses in the War of Resistance against Japan, closed its factories and lost many people, so it is imperative to set up this institution in Hankou. From the organizational point of view, with the continuous development of business, the organizational system is also gradually developing. In the operation procedure, it embodies the characteristics of science and modernity. From the analysis of its main business, it can highlight the characteristics of the institute, that is, the development of the business has the characteristics of crisscross network mode. This model is a small scale network activity that the institute tries its best to make the business development with Hankou as the center, and guides, introduces and popularizes the small scale network activities. From the concrete effect of the institute, it not only solves the employment problem of some people, but also practices a new way of seeking employment. However, due to the influence of the current situation, the lack of practical process makes it rather regrettable. In a word, it is not difficult to find out through the analysis of the postwar Hankou Employment Agency that the National Government has also made attempts and efforts in dealing with the problem of unemployment and reconstructing the social order. Therefore, we should treat this historical truth dialectically.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F249.29;K26
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