1941-1948年晋冀鲁豫边区的蝗灾及社会应对研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 10:59

【摘要】：20世纪40年代，晋冀鲁豫边区蝗灾频仍。灾害造成农业减产，经济损失巨大，民不聊生。本文主要根据河北省档案馆及有关县档案馆的馆藏档案，，探讨晋冀鲁豫边区的蝗灾及其社会应对。正文共分四部分。第一部分，探讨晋冀鲁豫边区蝗灾的成因及灾况。晋冀鲁豫边区特殊的地理位置与自然环境，加上当时战火纷飞，动荡不安的社会环境，注定了该地区必然是蝗灾泛滥区。蝗灾的扩散性、继发性等特点加深了灾害程度，蝗情不断蔓延，受灾面积越来越大。第二部分，研究蝗灾造成的经济损失和社会影响。持续、频发的蝗灾不仅破坏了晋冀鲁豫边区边区农村的经济结构，导致大批民众流亡。而且摧毁了民众的精神和心理，许多民众对生活悲观失望，失去了生存的信心和勇气，引起了极度的社会恐慌。民众生活难以为继，社会情绪消沉低落，边区一片荒凉凋敝的景象，社会问题突显。第三部分，论述边区政府和民众对蝗灾的应对。边区政府采取有效措施对蝗灾进行了治理。首先，加强对各级干部的思想政治教育和社会控制，使他们能够做出表率，认真负责地领导民众治蝗。其次，对边区民众进行深入的思想动员，教育群众提高认识，破除迷信，积极参与治蝗。依靠严密的组织和坚强的领导，广大民众有效地组织了起来，作为灭蝗的主力积极投入到与蝗灾的斗争中。边区军民密切配合，齐心协力，治蝗工作收到了很好的效果。第四部分，探讨晋冀鲁豫边区的蝗灾与战争之间的关系以及蝗灾对生态环境的影响，分析研究治蝗救灾过程中出现的问题，总结治蝗的经验教训。论文认为，蝗灾不仅破坏了人民的生产和生活，而且影响了社会的稳定与发展。蝗患的治理必须广泛发动人民群众，密切党群关系，只有依靠人民的力量，才能战胜一切灾难。政府和民众社会互动型的治蝗模式成功实现了由传统的被动治蝗向现代的主动治蝗的转型，为今后的防蝗治蝗工作树立了典范。
[Abstract]:In the 1940s, locusts in Shanghei, Hebei, Shandong and Henan border areas were frequently attacked. The disaster caused a reduction in agricultural production, huge economic losses, and people's livelihood. Based on the archives of Hebei Provincial Archives and related County Archives, this paper probes into the locust disaster and its social response in the Shanxi-Hebei-Shanxi-Henan border area. The text is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the cause and condition of locust disaster in Shanghi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan border area. The special geographical location and natural environment of Shanghi-Shanxi-Shanghuan-Henan border region, coupled with the turbulent social environment at that time, doomed the region to be an infestation of locusts. The spreading and secondary characteristics of locust plague deepen the degree of disaster, the locust situation spreads continuously, and the disaster area becomes larger and larger. The second part studies the economic loss and social impact caused by locust plague. Persistent and frequent locust plague not only destroyed the economic structure of Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan border region, resulting in a large number of people in exile. And destroyed the people's spirit and psychology, many people despaired of life, lost the confidence and courage to survive, caused extreme social panic. The people's life is unsustainable, the social mood is depressed, the border area is desolate and desolate, and the social problems are prominent. The third part, discusses the border region government and the populace's response to the locust plague. The border region government took effective measures to control the locust plague. First of all, strengthen ideological and political education and social control over cadres at all levels so that they can set an example and lead the people in controlling locusts conscientiously and responsibly. Secondly, the people in the border area should be deeply mobilized, educated, superstitious and actively involved in locust control. Relying on strict organization and strong leadership, the broad masses organized effectively, as the main force of locust eradication actively engaged in the struggle against locusts. Border area military and civilian close cooperation, concerted efforts, the work of locust control received very good results. The fourth part discusses the relationship between locust disaster and war in Shanxi-Hebei-Shanghuan-Henan border area and the impact of locust disaster on ecological environment, analyzes and studies the problems in the process of locust relief, and summarizes the experience and lessons of locust control. It is believed that locust plague not only destroys people's production and life, but also affects social stability and development. The control of locust disease must arouse the masses and close the relationship between the Party and the masses. Only by relying on the strength of the people can all disasters be overcome. The interactive locust control model between the government and the civil society has successfully transformed from traditional passive locust control to modern active locust control and has set an example for future locust control work.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K265;X43

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