近代西方警政的东渐及其在广州的实践

发布时间：2018-09-03 07:19

【摘要】：城市是一个国家和社会精神文化和物质文化的缩影,是一个动态的社会体系。在近代中国社会转型过程中,上海、广州等口岸城市的变化具有典型的示范效应。清末民国时期中国社会传统治安制度向近代警察制度的转型,经历了从早期租界强力楔入的英国模式→清末自主选择“以日为师”并实践→民国城市化阶段的美国模式这一演进过程。这当中虽然有被外来强权强制接受其社会管控体制残酷性的一面,但同时也有晚清社会各群体(包括清政府统治阶层)“师法列强警政制度以图自强”的历史进步性,也是晚清中国社会从被动接受西方警政制度的强行输入转入主动认知并草创的有力佐证。因此,研究清末民国以来广州警察制度的建立、发展及其调适过程无疑具有一定的学术意义。本论文由绪论、正文、结语三部分组成。绪论部分首先阐述了论文选题的源起,并在学术史回顾的基础上对论文所涉及的研究内容、拟采取的研究方法、研究资料的来源、研究的创新与深入方向等进行了说明。正文部分共分四章：第一章对西方近代警察制度的建立进程进行了回顾,并对晚清英国警政制度强力楔入上海租界、晚清中国社会及“他者”眼中的租界变化状况进行了对比和分析。第二章阐述了西政东渐与晚清中国社会师法日本以警御侮观念的形成,亦即为清末警政建设开展提供了思想上的支撑。第三章通过对比分析相形见拙的广州府治治安管控模式和岭南社会治安状况,叙述了清末广州警政创建过程及建设成效。第四章按行政管理体制变化对民国时期广州城市警政建设进行分阶段叙述。本文结语部分就西方近代警察制度的移植与认知与晚清民国以来广东省城广州的警政变迁进行归纳总结。本文选题将研究范围限定于近代西方警政东渐与广东省城广州近代警察制度的变迁研究,试图探明：一是通过分析英国海洋型警察制度强力楔入晚清中国租界的历史轨迹和影响,探讨外力因素对晚清中国社会从“被动”→“主动”认知西方警察制度的影响；二是晚清中国社会对租界警察制度产生的积极效果和对英美式、普法式警察制度的比照认知、晚清统治基层的主动变法改制等因素最终促成了以日为师以警御侮观念的全面确立；三是通对西警东渐后清末民国时期广州城警政实践过程中不同时间段内对于社会起的影响进行比较分析,客观评述在清末时期、民国前期、市政化时期、特别市时期所取得的成效与不足。
[Abstract]:City is the epitome of national and social spiritual culture and material culture, and a dynamic social system. In the process of social transformation in modern China, the change of port cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou has typical demonstration effect. The transition from the traditional public security system to the modern police system in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. In the end of Qing Dynasty, the British model which was strongly wedged into the early concession had chosen "Japan as a teacher" and put into practice the American model in the urbanization stage of the Republic of China. Although there is the brutal side of being forced to accept its social control system by outside powers, there is also the historical progress of various groups in the late Qing Dynasty (including the ruling class of the Qing government) "the system of the Great Police in the teacher's Law and the Great Powers in an attempt to strengthen themselves." It is also a strong evidence that the Chinese society passively accepted the forced input of western police system into active cognition and initiative. Therefore, it is of academic significance to study the establishment, development and adjustment process of Guangzhou police system since the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction part first expounds the origin of the topic, and on the basis of the review of the academic history, explains the research content, the research methods to be adopted, the source of the research data, the innovation and the in-depth direction of the research, etc. The text is divided into four chapters: the first chapter reviews the establishment process of the western modern police system, and strongly wedges the British police system into the Shanghai concession in the late Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, the changes of concession in Chinese society and other people's eyes were compared and analyzed. The second chapter expounds the formation of the concept of "anti-aggression by police" in Japan, which provided ideological support for the construction of police administration in the late Qing Dynasty. The third chapter through the comparative analysis of Guangzhou government security control mode and Lingnan social security situation, describes the late Qing Dynasty Guangzhou police establishment process and construction results. Chapter four narrates Guangzhou city police construction in stages according to the change of administrative system. The last part of this paper sums up the transplantation and cognition of western modern police system and the change of police administration in Guangzhou, Guangdong province since the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The research scope of this thesis is limited to the study of the transition of the modern western police policy to the east and the modern police system of Guangzhou, the Guangdong province. This paper tries to find out: first, by analyzing the historical track and influence of the strong wedge of the British maritime police system into the Chinese concession in the late Qing Dynasty, the paper discusses the influence of the external force on the Chinese society's cognition of the western police system from the "passive" to the "active" in the late Qing Dynasty; Second, the positive effects of the concession police system in the late Qing Dynasty and the comparative cognition of the Anglo-American and Franco-style police systems. In the late Qing Dynasty, factors such as the active reform of law and system at the grass-roots level led to the overall establishment of the concept of taking Japan as a teacher and using police to resist aggression. The third is the comparative analysis of the influence on the society in different time periods during the period of the late Qing Dynasty, the early Republic of China and the period of municipal administration in the late Qing Dynasty, the early Republic of China, the late Qing Dynasty, the early Republic of China, the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The achievements and shortcomings of the special city period.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K25

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