衰败与复苏：国民政府初期农业经济发展状况研究（1927-1937）

发布时间：2018-09-03 14:06

【摘要】：1927—1937年中国的农业经济经历了一个从衰败到复苏的发展过程。南京国民政府建立初期,农业经济由于遭受自然灾害、战争、世界经济大危机等外部因素的重重打击,陷入严重的困境之中。为巩固其政治统治,复兴农业经济,增加财政收入,国民政府先后制定并实施了一系列救治农业,发展农业经济的政策措施。统一水利行政,开展农业合作运动,进行农业科技改良,实施土地改革,推行垦殖政策等,这些政策措施的实施对农业经济由衰败走向复苏起到了积极作用,收到了一定成效。新式农业金融机构的建立与发展,农业科技的改良与推广,农业资本主义成份与农产品商品化程度不断提高,耕地面积不断扩大,农作物产量、农业生产总值、农业对外贸易等均有所发展。这一时期的农业经济虽然走出了衰败的阴影,向复苏的道路发展,但从整体上来看无疑是落后的。导致中国农业经济落后的内部因素依然强大顽固,主要体现在农业生产工具落后短缺,农业人口科技文化素质低下,农田经营面积狭小分散,农业生产技术含量少,田赋捐税苛重等,这些因素的存在严重削弱了农业政策实施的成效,长期制约着中国农业经济的进一步发展。?
[Abstract]:In 1927-1937, China's agricultural economy experienced a process from decline to recovery. In the early days of the establishment of Nanjing National Government, the agricultural economy was hit hard by natural disasters, wars, the world economic crisis and other external factors, and fell into serious difficulties. In order to consolidate its political rule, revive agricultural economy and increase financial income, the National Government has formulated and implemented a series of policies and measures to cure agriculture and develop agricultural economy. Unifying water conservancy administration, carrying out agricultural cooperative movement, improving agricultural science and technology, carrying out land reform, carrying out reclamation policy and so on, these policies and measures have played a positive role in the agricultural economy from decline to recovery, and have received certain results. The establishment and development of new agricultural financial institutions, the improvement and popularization of agricultural science and technology, the continuous improvement of the degree of commercialization of agricultural capitalist components and agricultural products, the continuous expansion of cultivated land, the production of crops and the gross agricultural product, Agricultural foreign trade and so on have developed. Although the agricultural economy of this period has come out of the shadow of decline and developed to the road of recovery, it is undoubtedly backward on the whole. The internal factors leading to the backwardness of China's agricultural economy are still strong and stubborn, mainly reflected in the backwardness of agricultural production tools, the low scientific, technological and cultural quality of the agricultural population, the narrow and scattered area of farmland management, and the lack of technical content in agricultural production. The existence of these factors seriously weakens the effect of agricultural policy implementation and restricts the further development of China's agricultural economy for a long time?
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：F329;K263

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