1840-1949年的胶东渔业：它的生境、资源和人择机制

发布时间：2018-09-05 17:05

【摘要】：海洋环境一旦发生作用就规定着不同种群适宜的“生境”的界限——它的决定因素都不是恒定的而是诸多配合反复出现，从而使种群呈现出基数或者区域波动形式。不连续性的可耕地、丘陵地貌以及半砂半黏的土壤构成妨碍胶东种植业效能的显著问题，事实上种植业的收入与实际生活所需要的收入之间的差额必须靠一部分从事渔业的家庭成员来弥补。海洋鱼类种群深刻地受到极端复杂的水温、洋流和水团环境的限制，而这些被捕获的水产在我们的考察期或者被搬上当地人的餐桌，或者被作为半岛的主要出口品。在渔业形态上能够察觉到某种深刻地适应于环境变幅以及种群旺发指征的人择机制：1840—1949年的胶东居民根据鱼类在海域内的平面分布和立体分层而采取的拖网、流网和袋网等作业方式。假设多类型网具作业被压缩在同一渔场内，那么单一网具捕捞效果就不能看成与其它网具截然无关的——单一网具的捕捞效能将叠加到其它网具之上，同时前者的渔获量本身也受到后一类网具的影响。渔捞因素对潜在的“量”的影响还不如它们对海洋环境筛选个体进程的影响，，但是现在就能愈益赞同渔捞主体所持有的观念——以近期赢利性来看待渔捞对象的必要性，目前的渔业趋近更为高效的拖网和围网形式并且强度也渐趋增加，以致于实际发现的种群量反而更显著地决定于渔捞因素而不是海洋环境的状况。愈益紧张的资源现状下是需要拷问逐级提高渔捞强度的回馈如何的——19世纪的民间渔捞强度一直维持着多数鱼类临近海洋环境决定的最大可承载量的状态。然而20世纪以来渔捞记录却呈现出种群基数趋减或者鱼体缩短以致赢利性降低的状况，因此需要瞄准那些受环境影响不显著的种群——后者的基数或者体长趋减特征能够证实捕捞量失衡对其后数个世代种群基数的潜在影响。
[Abstract]:Once the marine environment functions, it defines the boundary of the suitable "habitat" for different populations-its determinants are not constant, but a lot of coordination and recurrence, so that the population presents a cardinality or regional fluctuation. Discontinuous arable land, hilly landforms, and semi-sandy, semi-sticky soils pose significant problems that hinder the effectiveness of planting in Jiaodong, In fact, the difference between the income of the farming industry and the income needed for real life must be made up by some of the family members in the fishing industry. Marine fish stocks are deeply constrained by extremely complex water temperatures, currents, and water mass environments, and these captured aquatic products are either taken to the local table during our inspection period or used as the main exports of the peninsula. Being able to detect in the form of fisheries some sort of human selection mechanism that is profoundly adapted to environmental variability and to the indications of population prosperity: the trawl adopted by the residents of Jiaodong from 1840-1949 on the basis of the plane distribution and stereoscopic stratification of fish in the sea area, Drift-net and bag net, etc. Assuming that multiple types of nets are compressed within the same fishing ground, the fishing effectiveness of a single net cannot be seen as having nothing to do with other nets-the fishing efficiency of a single net would be superimposed on other nets. At the same time, the catch of the former is also affected by the latter type of net. The impact of fishing factors on potential "quantities" is not as good as their impact on the process of screening individuals in the marine environment, but it is now increasingly possible to agree with the concept held by fishing bodies-the need to view fishing objects in terms of near-term profitability. The current fisheries tend to be more efficient trawling and purse seine forms and the intensity is gradually increasing so that the actual population size is more significantly determined by fishing factors rather than the state of the marine environment. Under the increasingly tight resource situation, it is necessary to torture the feedback of increasing fishing intensity. In the 19th century, folk fishing intensity has maintained the state of maximum load-carrying capacity determined by most fish adjacent to the marine environment. But fishing records since the 20th century have shown a decline in the population base or a decline in the profitability of fish, Therefore, it is necessary to target the populations that are not significantly affected by the environment-the cardinal number or body length decreasing characteristics of the latter can prove the potential effect of the unbalance of catch on the population base of subsequent generations.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25;F326.4

【相似文献】