第一次鸦片战争后西方对华贸易的法律障碍研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 07:48

【摘要】：第一次鸦片战争以后,西方列强用武力打开了中国的大门,清政府被迫与西方列强签订了一系列不平等条约,废除了西方各国商人来华贸易的法律约束。从一般意义上说,西方商人此后的对华贸易活动应该一路畅通无阻,但事实却并非如此简单。造成西方商人对华贸易活动迟迟不能展开的原因是国内自然经济的阻碍作用,有限的国民购买力,中西方消费习惯的差异,国民爱国主义精神和国内行会的抵制作用。除了这些原因,西方商人对华贸易活动受阻还有一个很重要的原因,就是虽然西方列强与清政府签订了一系列不平等条约,这些条约可以去除西方商人对华贸易活动的法律约束,但是大清帝国对国人的旧有法律约束并没有随之改变,继续约束着中国人的贸易行为,这也就成为了阻碍西方商人对华贸易的一个很重要的原因。本文包括引言、正文和结论三部分。本文第一部分主要介绍了鸦片战争前后限制外商对华贸易活动法律措施的兴废。这一部分主要包括了鸦片战争前清政府限制外商来华贸易的法律措施和鸦片战争后清政府废除限制外商来华贸易的法律措施。通过这一章的分析可以说明,在鸦片战争后,原有的限制外商来华贸易的律例已不再是西方对华贸易活动的法律障碍。本文第二部分主要介绍了战后继续约束华人涉外贸易活动的法律措施。这一部分主要介绍了西方商人购买原材料的障碍,货物交通运输的障碍以及商品销售的障碍。通过对这三个方面的介绍说明了在鸦片战争后,清政府对华人旧有的法律约束阻碍着西方对华的商品倾销。本文第三部分主要介绍了战后阻碍外商对华贸易活动的法律实践。这一部分举出事例从而更能说明清政府对华人旧有的法律约束阻碍着西方对华的贸易行为。
[Abstract]:After the first Opium War, the Western powers opened the door of China by force, and the Qing government was forced to sign a series of unequal treaties with the Western powers, which abolished the legal restrictions on the trade of businessmen from western countries. Generally speaking, the trade activities of western businessmen with China should be smooth after that, but the fact is not so simple. The reasons for the delay of western merchants' trade with China are the hindrance of domestic natural economy, the limited national purchasing power, the difference of consumption habits between China and the West, the spirit of national patriotism and the resistance of domestic guilds. In addition to these reasons, another very important reason for the obstruction of Western businessmen 'trade activities with China is that although the Western powers signed a series of unequal treaties with the Qing government, These treaties can remove legal restrictions on the trade activities of Western businessmen in China, but the old legal restrictions imposed by the Qing Empire on the people of China have not changed, and continue to constrain the trade behavior of the Chinese people. This has become a very important reason to hinder Western businessmen from trading with China. This paper includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The first part mainly introduces the legal measures to restrict foreign trade with China before and after the Opium War. This part mainly includes the legal measures of the Qing government before the Opium War to restrict foreign trade in China and the legal measures that the Qing government abolished after the Opium War to restrict the foreign trade in China. Through the analysis of this chapter, it can be concluded that after the Opium War, the original laws and regulations restricting foreign trade in China are no longer the legal obstacles of western trade with China. The second part of this paper mainly introduces the legal measures to restrict the foreign trade activities of Chinese after the war. This part mainly introduces the obstacles of buying raw materials, transportation of goods and sales of goods. After the Opium War, the Qing government's legal restriction on the Chinese was an obstacle to the western dumping of goods to China. The third part mainly introduces the legal practice of hindering foreign trade with China after the war. In this part, examples are given to illustrate that the Qing government's old legal restrictions on Chinese people hindered Western trade with China.
【学位授予单位】：长春师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K252

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