山西“丁戊奇荒”中政府应急管理研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 05:38

【摘要】：我国是世界上自然灾害最为严重的国家之一，五千年的文明史就是一部与自然灾害不断抗争的历史。近年来，随着我国经济和社会的快速发展，自然灾害所带来的损失和破坏日益增加，已经严重威胁到国家的安全和社会的稳定。虽然我们已经具备了比较完善的政府自然灾害应急管理体系，但是在面对日趋严峻的自然灾害形势时仍暴露出许多弊端和不足，因此不断完善和发展我国政府自然灾害应急管理体系具有重要的理论和现实意义。山西“丁戊奇荒”是我国历史上最为严重的灾荒之一。它发生于公元1872年至1880年间，其灾情之重、时间之长、范围之广在历史上极为罕见。灾荒发生以后，清政府迅速采取了赈银、赈粮、平粜粮价、减免赋税等一系列积极有效的措施，但终因财政拮据、仓储不足、吏治腐败等方面的原因使得赈济效果十分有限，对山西的人口、农业、工商业造成了十分严重的破坏。本论文以“丁戊奇荒”作为切入点，在深入阐述灾荒中政府应急管理措施的同时着重分析了其在具体实施过程中的利弊得失，并在总结经验教训的基础之上，探讨了灾荒中政府应急管理对于当代政府应急管理的启示，，从而做到古为今用，以史为鉴。文章首先从总体上介绍了“丁戊奇荒”的基本概况，阐述了灾害的成因以及所造成的影响。其次对“丁戊奇荒”中政府应急管理的程序、措施、赈灾款项和赈灾物资的来源与筹集等进行了深入细致的分析与研究。基于以上研究成果，本论文重点对“丁戊奇荒”中的政府应急管理措施进行评价，同时详细介绍了影响政府应急管理效果的各种因素。最后，本论文总结分析了“丁戊奇荒”中政府应急管理的利弊得失，并对当前政府自然灾害应急管理体系的完善与发展提出了可行性建议。
[Abstract]:China is one of the most serious natural disasters in the world. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and society, the loss and destruction caused by natural disasters are increasing day by day, which has seriously threatened the national security and social stability. Although we already have a relatively perfect government emergency management system for natural disasters, but in the face of the increasingly serious natural disaster situation, there are still many disadvantages and shortcomings. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve and develop our government's natural disaster emergency management system. Shanxi "Dingwu Qi famine" is one of the most serious famine in the history of our country. It occurred between 1872 and 1880, and was extremely rare in history. After the famine, the Qing government quickly adopted a series of positive and effective measures, such as relief bank, relief grain, flat grain price, tax relief and so on. However, due to financial constraints, insufficient storage, corruption of officials and other reasons, the relief effect was very limited. To Shanxi's population, agriculture, industry and commerce caused very serious damage. This paper takes "Dingpentqi famine" as the breakthrough point, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the government emergency management measures in the famine at the same time, and on the basis of summing up the experience and lessons, the paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the government emergency management measures in the process of implementation. This paper probes into the enlightenment of the government emergency management to the contemporary government emergency management in the famine, so that the past can be used for the present and the history as a mirror. At first, the paper introduces the basic situation of "Dumpensi wasteland", and expounds the cause of the disaster and its influence. Secondly, the procedures and measures of government emergency management, the source and collection of relief funds and relief materials are analyzed and studied in detail. Based on the above research results, this paper focuses on the evaluation of government emergency management measures in "Dingqi famine", and introduces in detail various factors that affect the effect of government emergency management. Finally, this paper summarizes and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of government emergency management in "Dingqi famine", and puts forward some feasible suggestions for the improvement and development of the current government natural disaster emergency management system.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D691;K256

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