鄂豫边区抗日根据地民众动员研究（1937-1945）

发布时间：2018-09-14 07:07

【摘要】：全国抗战转入战略相持阶段后,敌后战场逐渐成为抗日战争的主要战场,中国共产党领导的敌后抗战变得愈加艰难。而孤悬敌后,处在日本侵略军、汪伪汉奸及国民党反共顽固派的夹击之中的鄂豫边区军民,却在这样艰苦的条件下先后抗击了 15万日本侵略军和8万多伪军的进攻,打退了国民党顽固派掀起的三次反共高潮,根据地不仅没有被削弱,反而得到巩固并日益扩大了,这与中国共产党在鄂豫边区抗日根据地开展的卓有成效的民众动员工作是分不开的。中国共产党在鄂豫边区抗日根据地的民众动员有其特殊历史背景。抗战进入战略相持阶段后,民族危机进一步加深,国民党地方政权系统崩溃,民众动员成为坚持抗战的内在要求;同时,鄂豫边区党组织得到恢复与发展,再加上土地革命战争时期中国共产党积累的丰富的民众动员经验,使中国共产党成为民众动员的坚强领导力量。中国共产党在鄂豫边区抗日根据地民众动员共经历了五个阶段,分别为边区初创时期、形成时期、坚持和发展时期、进步发展和巩固时期以及夺取抗战最后胜利时期。为了进一步激发民众的民族意识,促成抗战的最终胜利,中国共产党开展了形式多样的民众动员。在政治上,开展爱国主义的政治宣传和民选运动,扩大民众的政治参与;在经济上,开展大生产运动和减租减息,维护和发展边区民众的经济利益;在军事上,动员民众剿匪锄奸,参与敌后抗战;在文化上,开展冬学运动,提高民众的知识水平,并开展了丰富多彩的革命性文艺活动。中国共产党在鄂豫边区抗日根据地的民众动员,推动了抗日战争的最终胜利,唤起了民众的民主意识和爱国觉悟并推进了边区各项事业的发展;同时,中国共产党在鄂豫边区民众动员过程中,出现对生产动员缺乏应有重视,宣传鼓动一度脱离客观实际,部分统战干部工作不力等问题也给党和边区民众带来严重困难。总结中国共产党在鄂豫边区的民众动员工作,可得出以下历史启示:一是加强党的自身建设是民众动员的政治前提;二是维护和发展人民切实利益是民众动员重要基础;三是制定正确的方针政策是民众动员的重要制度保障。
[Abstract]:After the National War of Resistance changed into the stage of strategic confrontation, the battlefield behind the enemy line gradually became the main battlefield of the War of Resistance against Japan, and the War of Resistance behind the enemy led by the Communist Party of China became more and more difficult. But the army and the people of the Hubei and Henan Border region, in the midst of the Japanese invading forces, the puppet traitors of Wang and the anti-Communist die-hards of the Kuomintang, have, under such difficult conditions, successively resisted the attacks of 150000 Japanese invading troops and more than 80, 000 puppet troops. After defeating the three anti-Communist climaxes set off by the Kuomintang die-hards, the base areas have not been weakened, but have been consolidated and expanded day by day. This is inseparable from the effective mobilization of the masses carried out by the Communist Party of China in the anti-Japanese base areas of the Hubei-Henan Border region. The mobilization of the Chinese Communist Party in the anti-Japanese base area of Hubei and Henan has its special historical background. After the War of Resistance against Japan entered the stage of strategic confrontation, the national crisis deepened further, the local regime system of the Kuomintang collapsed, and the mobilization of the people became the inherent requirement of persisting in the War of Resistance against Japan. At the same time, the Party organizations in the Hubei and Henan border areas were restored and developed. In addition, the rich experience accumulated by the Communist Party of China during the Agrarian Revolution War made the Communist Party of China become a strong leader in the mobilization of the masses. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has experienced five stages in the mobilization of the masses in the anti-Japanese base area of Hubei and Henan, namely, the beginning period of the border region, the period of formation, the period of persistence and development, the period of progress, development and consolidation, and the period of winning the final victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. In order to stimulate the people's national consciousness and promote the ultimate victory of the War of Resistance, the Communist Party of China carried out various forms of public mobilization. Politically, we should carry out patriotic political propaganda and popularly elected campaigns to expand people's political participation; economically, we should launch mass production campaigns and reduce rent and interest rates to safeguard and develop the economic interests of the people in the border areas; and militarily, To mobilize the masses to suppress bandits and traitors and to participate in the anti-Japanese war behind the enemy forces, and in culture, to carry out winter study campaigns, to improve the people's knowledge level, and to carry out rich and colorful revolutionary literary and artistic activities. The mobilization of the people by the Communist Party of China in the anti-Japanese base area of the Hubei and Henan border areas promoted the ultimate victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, aroused the people's democratic consciousness and patriotic consciousness, and advanced the development of various undertakings in the border region. In the process of the mobilization of the masses in the Hubei and Henan border areas, the Communist Party of China has brought serious difficulties to the Party and the people in the border areas because of the lack of due attention to the mobilization of production, the deviation of propaganda and agitation from the objective reality once, and the ineffective work of some United front cadres. Summing up the public mobilization work of the Communist Party of China in the Hubei and Henan border areas, we can draw the following historical revelations: first, strengthening the Party's own construction is the political premise of the people's mobilization; second, safeguarding and developing the people's real interests is the important foundation of the people's mobilization; Third, the formulation of correct principles and policies is an important institutional guarantee for public mobilization.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265

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