从“商”到“实业”:中国近代企业制度变迁的观念史考察

发布时间：2018-09-19 10:05

【摘要】：晚清中国人用"商"来统称工商等业,但差不多半个世纪之后,"实业"出现,并取代了"商",用来统称农业、工业和商业。本文分析了这一观念变迁背后的企业史含义。文章认为,用商来统称工商业是延续了明清以来的用法。近代重商观念流行的同时,大量商业资本开始投资近代工业,商人因其在资本、人才、管理制度、经验等方面的优势对近代工业产生了主导型影响。在这一时期,大量近代企业是以股份制的方式组织起来的。甲午战争之后,近代中国人的观念世界发生了巨大变化,"实业"观念出现并被广泛接受。时人在强调实际生产的重要性的同时,也更为重视企业当中的管理技术和管理制度,他们意识到会计、采购销售、工人的管理等制度也必须做出相应的改变。在"实业"时代,有关工厂的制度受到人们更多的关注。从"商"到"实业"的观念变迁过程,也可以被视为中国近代企业起源的历史过程。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, Chinese people used the term "business" to refer to industry and commerce, but almost half a century later, "industry" appeared and replaced "business" to refer to agriculture, industry and commerce. This paper analyzes the meaning of the history of enterprises behind the change of this concept. At the same time, a large number of commercial capital began to invest in modern industry. Merchants had a dominant influence on modern industry because of their advantages in capital, talent, management system and experience. During this period, a large number of modern enterprises were organized in the form of joint-stock system. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the concept world of modern Chinese people took place tremendous. The concept of "industry" emerged and was widely accepted. While emphasizing the importance of actual production, people also paid more attention to the management techniques and systems in enterprises. They realized that accounting, purchasing and selling, and the management of workers must also be changed accordingly. In the era of "industry", the system of factories concerned was further changed by people. Much attention has been paid to the process of conceptual change from "business" to "industry", which can also be regarded as the historical process of the origin of modern Chinese enterprises.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院经济研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目"中国近代工厂制度与劳资关系研究"(14AZD108)阶段性成果
【分类号】：K25

【相似文献】