从舆论报道看二十世纪30年代武汉地区水患的社会应对

发布时间：2018-10-04 19:08

【摘要】：武汉地区地处湖北东南部,江汉平原腹地,长江和汉江的交汇处,有“九省通衢”的美誉,也是民国时期全国第二大城市,但特殊的地理气候条件加上宋朝以来对长江上游地区的开垦与破坏,造成了水患灾害日益加剧,民国时期水患更加频繁,成为当地最主要的自然灾害。其中二十世纪三十年代长江流域的两次洪水,水势大,持续时间长,波及面广,其中湖北成为灾害的中心,特别是武汉地区受灾最为严重,给当地带来了巨大的损失。水灾发生后,无论是政府还是民间团体,都采取了积极的救灾于赈济措施。在此期间,以报刊为代表的近代舆论媒体的出现,为救灾活动注入了新的力量,不仅在水患的报道与宣传上,还在办理赈济、建言献策、舆论监督等方面扮演了重要的角色。论文通过对《大公报》、《申报》、《民国日报》、《东方杂志》、《湖北水灾日刊》、《武汉日报》等报刊杂志为代表的舆论媒体对二十世纪30年代武汉地区水患的灾情和各界救灾、赈灾活动的报道、评论为基础的分析,从而更深入地了解当时水患及各界应对的情况,为当今水患的防治与赈济提供借鉴。本文主要分为三章。第一章主要介绍了湖北地区水患的历史和二十世纪30年代湖北地区水患的基本情况,分析了湖北地区水患日剧的原因及早期的荒政思想。第二章通过各报刊杂志对二十世纪30年代水患的报道,分析出民国时期各界对灾害的应对。第三章通过报刊杂志对当时灾害的评论性文章对当时的救灾于赈济活动中暴露出的问题进行反思,推动救灾体制的进一步完善。
[Abstract]:Wuhan is located in the southeast of Hubei, the hinterland of Jianghan Plain, the junction of the Yangtze River and the Hanjiang River, and is known as the "thoroughfare of nine provinces." it was also the second largest city in the country during the period of the Republic of China. However, the special geographical and climatic conditions and the reclamation and destruction of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River since the Song Dynasty resulted in the worsening of flood disasters, and the flood disasters became more frequent in the period of the Republic of China, and became the most important natural disasters in the region. In the 1930s, two floods in the Yangtze River basin had a large water potential, a long duration and a wide spread. Hubei became the center of the disaster, especially in Wuhan, which brought huge losses to the local area. After the flood, both the government and civil society took active relief measures. During this period, the emergence of modern media, represented by newspapers and periodicals, injected new strength into disaster relief activities, and played an important role not only in the reporting and propaganda of flood disasters, but also in the aspects of relief, advice and supervision by public opinion. The paper through the "Ta Kung Pao", "declaration", "Republic of China Daily", "Oriental magazine", "Hubei Flood Journal", "Wuhan Daily" and other newspapers and magazines as the representative of the media to the disaster situation and disaster relief in Wuhan in the 1930s. The report of disaster relief activities, the analysis based on comments, so as to better understand the situation of flood and the response of all walks of life at that time, and provide a reference for the prevention and relief of flood disasters today. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the history of the flood in Hubei and the basic situation of the flood in Hubei in the 1930s, and analyzes the reason of the Japanese drama of the flood in Hubei and the thought of famine in the early period. The second chapter analyzes the disaster response in the period of the Republic of China through the reports of various newspapers and magazines on the flood in the 1930s. The third chapter reflects on the problems exposed in the disaster relief activities through the critical articles of the disaster at that time, and promotes the further improvement of the disaster relief system.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K26

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