民国初年革命派与立宪派、北洋集团制衡下的合作

发布时间：2018-10-04 20:51

【摘要】：民国初年的政局与各方势力的分合紧密相关。每次合作，都把社会推向前进，各方势力也得以共赢；每次分裂，都导致社会退步，得势者也因失去制约而走向腐朽。民国初年政治舞台上的几种势力，无论革命派还是北洋集团、立宪派，没有完美和英明，只有相对的进步。他们对宪政、民主都有一定程度的认识，但由于受共同的专制传统影响，他们在认识与实践、言辞与行动之间都有不同程度的脱节；在失去制衡时，专制传统都有不同程度的回归。辛亥革命前后的进步局面，得益于当时各派力量制衡下的合作与妥协，尽管有许多合作是暂时的，互相利用的，但其客观积极效果却不容忽视。而且，合作的内涵也不仅限于观点和行动的完全一致，制约、监督是更深意义上的合作。革命、立宪两派有相同的宪政理想，都曾经为国家的进步作出巨大贡献，在许多重大事件中有不同程度的合作。对于立宪派的依附性，应重新认识。他们曾分别与革命党和北洋集团合作，但从没有依附过他们。立宪派依附的是宪政理想，是政治上的真正革新。对于南京临时政府势孤命短之结局，有必要多从主观上找原因。由于南京临时政府没有广泛吸纳各种反清力量，导致立宪派和相当一部分原革命派力量疏离南京临时政府。革命党人追求民主共和理想，但他们与立宪派、北洋集团一样，都不能彻底摆脱传统意识影响。革命党人的新贵族化，袁的独裁复辟，都是明显的例子。
[Abstract]:The political situation in the early years of the Republic of China was closely related to the separation of forces. Each cooperation will push the society forward and the forces of all sides will win altogether; every split will lead to social retrogression, and those who gain power will also become decadent because of the loss of constraints. In the early years of the Republic of China, several forces on the political stage, whether revolutionaries or Beiyang clique, constitutionalists, were not perfect and wise, but only relatively progressive. They have a certain degree of understanding of constitutionalism and democracy, but because of the influence of a common autocratic tradition, they have different degrees of disconnect between cognition and practice, between words and deeds, and at the loss of checks and balances. Autocratic traditions all have different degrees of return. The progressive situation before and after the Revolution of 1911 benefited from the cooperation and compromise under the checks and balances of various forces at that time. Although many of the cooperation were temporary and used each other, their objective positive effects could not be ignored. Moreover, the connotation of cooperation is not limited to the complete agreement of views and actions. The revolution and constitutionalism both have the same constitutional ideals, have both made great contributions to the progress of the country, and have cooperated to varying degrees in many major events. The dependence of constitutionalism should be reunderstood. They had cooperated with the Revolutionary Party and the Beiyang Group, but had never attached themselves to them. Constitutionalism adheres to constitutional ideals and is a real political innovation. It is necessary to find the subjective reasons for the short ending of Nanjing Provisional Government. As the Nanjing interim government did not absorb all kinds of anti-Qing forces, the constitutionalists and some of the former revolutionaries were alienated from the Nanjing interim government. The revolutionaries pursued the ideal of democratic republic, but like the constitutionalists and the Beiyang group, they could not completely get rid of the influence of traditional consciousness. The new aristocracy of the revolutionaries and Yuan's dictatorship are obvious examples.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258

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