从非正式制度看张裕酿酒公司的兴衰（1892-1937）
发布时间：2018-10-04 22:46
【摘要】：在1892年之前,中国还没有一家中国人自己创办的工业化生产葡萄酒的企业。而西方国家则是在19世纪末期才开始关注葡萄酒并开始工业化生产,却生产出闻名世界的葡萄酒,尤其是欧洲国家,其中以法国的葡萄酒最为有名。著名南洋爱国华侨张弼士意识到中国葡萄酒产业的前景并抓住有利的时机建立张裕酿酒公司,成功开创了我国工业化生产葡萄酒的先河,同时也创造了一个著名的百年民族品牌,现在这个企业已经成功转型升级并在不断壮大发展中。 非正式制度是新制度经济学是的重要组成部分,越来越受到学者们的关注。本文结合相关史料,通过张裕酿酒公司早期的成功和后期衰败的原因的分析,说明非正式制度对其公司兴衰的影响。 首先,文章介绍了张裕酿酒公司创立背景,从中国酿制葡萄酒的历史和公司创立的时代背景两个方面进行阐述。 其次,本文从开拓进取的企业精神、“仁”“和”的价值观、传统的官商关系三个方面论述非正式制度对张裕酿酒公司早期发展的促进作用。张弼士作为客商文化的代表,具备了客商文化中最重要的开拓进取精神,正是在这种非正式制度的引导下,企业引进先进的科学技术、设备、人才;张弼士“仁”“和”的价值观为企业创造了良好的声誉和经营环境,也为企业培养了大批的科技人才,这些都对企业早期发展起到重要作用;张弼士作为公司的创办人,深刻意识到近代中国的政治环境和社会环境,因此,他在清政府和北洋政府时期都注重与政府之间的关系,从而获得免税和专利权等优惠条件,为企业营造一个良好的外部发展环境。 再次,本文研究张裕公司衰败的非正式制度原因。非正式制度是一把“双刃剑”,既能促进企业发展也能阻碍企业发展。为说明这个问题,本文从两个部分展开:一是传统的宗族观念导致家族式管理模式,在张裕酿酒公司中,企业的出资者和经营管理者为一体,产权链条短,企业中基本不存在甚至是很少存在委托——代理关系。随着企业生产规模和经营管理范围的扩大,家族式企业管理的弊端就会显现,公司的经营者不堪重负,最终导致决策失误以致影响企业后期的经营发展。二是作为非正式制度的重要组成部分的风俗习惯,导致近代中国人没有形成喝葡萄酒的饮馔习惯。这也是公司的困境和最终失败一大原因。 最后,本文通过对作为我国近代民族实业的代表张裕酿酒公司兴衰的研究,并试图得出一些结论,为民营企业尤其是对在发展中注重非正式制度的企业,提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Before 1892, China did not have an industrialised wine maker founded by the Chinese themselves. Western countries began to focus on wine in the late 19th century and began industrialized production, but produced world-famous wines, especially in Europe, of which France is the most famous. Zhang Bishi, the famous patriotic overseas Chinese in Nanyang, realized the prospect of China's wine industry and seized the favorable opportunity to set up Changyu Brewery Company, which successfully opened the way for the industrialized production of wine in China. At the same time also created a famous national brand, now the enterprise has been successfully transformed and upgraded and growing. Informal institution is an important part of new institutional economics, which has been paid more and more attention by scholars. Through the analysis of the causes of the early success and decline of Changyu Brewery Company, this paper explains the influence of informal institution on the rise and fall of Changyu Brewery Company. First of all, the paper introduces the background of Changyu Brewery Company, the history of Chinese wine and the background of the company. Secondly, this paper discusses the promotion effect of informal system on the early development of Changyu Brewery Company from three aspects of pioneering enterprising enterprise spirit, the value of "benevolence" and "harmony", and the traditional relationship between government and business. Zhang Bishi, as the representative of the business culture, has the most important pioneering spirit in the business culture. It is under the guidance of this informal system that the enterprises introduce advanced science and technology, equipment and talents. Zhang Bishi's values of "benevolence" and "harmony" have created a good reputation and business environment for the enterprise, and trained a large number of scientific and technological personnel for the enterprise, all of which played an important role in the early development of the enterprise. Zhang Bishi was the founder of the company. Deeply aware of the political and social environment of modern China, he paid attention to the relationship with the government during the Qing and Beiyang governments, thus obtaining preferential terms such as tax exemption and patent rights, To create a good external development environment for enterprises. Thirdly, this paper studies the informal institutional reasons of the decline of Changyu Company. Informal system is a "double-edged sword", which can not only promote the development of enterprises, but also hinder the development of enterprises. In order to explain this problem, this paper starts from two parts: first, the traditional patriarchal concept leads to the family-style management mode, in Changyu Brewery Company, the investors and managers of the enterprise are an integral whole, and the property right chain is short. There is little or no principal-agent relationship in enterprises. With the expansion of production scale and management scope of enterprises, the malpractice of family enterprise management will appear, and the managers of the company will be overwhelmed, which will eventually lead to decision-making mistakes, which will affect the business development in the later stage of the enterprise. As an important part of the informal system, the customs and habits of modern Chinese did not form the habit of drinking wine and sumptuous food. This is also the company's plight and the ultimate failure of a major reason. Finally, through the research on the rise and fall of Zhangyu Brewery Company, which is the representative of national industry in modern China, this paper tries to draw some conclusions, which can be used for reference by private enterprises, especially those that pay attention to the informal system in their development.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25;F426.82
本文编号：2252175
[Abstract]:Before 1892, China did not have an industrialised wine maker founded by the Chinese themselves. Western countries began to focus on wine in the late 19th century and began industrialized production, but produced world-famous wines, especially in Europe, of which France is the most famous. Zhang Bishi, the famous patriotic overseas Chinese in Nanyang, realized the prospect of China's wine industry and seized the favorable opportunity to set up Changyu Brewery Company, which successfully opened the way for the industrialized production of wine in China. At the same time also created a famous national brand, now the enterprise has been successfully transformed and upgraded and growing. Informal institution is an important part of new institutional economics, which has been paid more and more attention by scholars. Through the analysis of the causes of the early success and decline of Changyu Brewery Company, this paper explains the influence of informal institution on the rise and fall of Changyu Brewery Company. First of all, the paper introduces the background of Changyu Brewery Company, the history of Chinese wine and the background of the company. Secondly, this paper discusses the promotion effect of informal system on the early development of Changyu Brewery Company from three aspects of pioneering enterprising enterprise spirit, the value of "benevolence" and "harmony", and the traditional relationship between government and business. Zhang Bishi, as the representative of the business culture, has the most important pioneering spirit in the business culture. It is under the guidance of this informal system that the enterprises introduce advanced science and technology, equipment and talents. Zhang Bishi's values of "benevolence" and "harmony" have created a good reputation and business environment for the enterprise, and trained a large number of scientific and technological personnel for the enterprise, all of which played an important role in the early development of the enterprise. Zhang Bishi was the founder of the company. Deeply aware of the political and social environment of modern China, he paid attention to the relationship with the government during the Qing and Beiyang governments, thus obtaining preferential terms such as tax exemption and patent rights, To create a good external development environment for enterprises. Thirdly, this paper studies the informal institutional reasons of the decline of Changyu Company. Informal system is a "double-edged sword", which can not only promote the development of enterprises, but also hinder the development of enterprises. In order to explain this problem, this paper starts from two parts: first, the traditional patriarchal concept leads to the family-style management mode, in Changyu Brewery Company, the investors and managers of the enterprise are an integral whole, and the property right chain is short. There is little or no principal-agent relationship in enterprises. With the expansion of production scale and management scope of enterprises, the malpractice of family enterprise management will appear, and the managers of the company will be overwhelmed, which will eventually lead to decision-making mistakes, which will affect the business development in the later stage of the enterprise. As an important part of the informal system, the customs and habits of modern Chinese did not form the habit of drinking wine and sumptuous food. This is also the company's plight and the ultimate failure of a major reason. Finally, through the research on the rise and fall of Zhangyu Brewery Company, which is the representative of national industry in modern China, this paper tries to draw some conclusions, which can be used for reference by private enterprises, especially those that pay attention to the informal system in their development.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25;F426.82
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