义和团时期袁世凯军事外交策略

发布时间：2018-10-09 12:41

【摘要】：义和团时期,山东可谓全国最乱的省份之一,不仅有西方势力的不断蚕食,而且有愈演愈烈的民教冲突和遍地反洋教的拳会组织,整个局面犹如一团乱麻。袁世凯出任山东巡抚,数月间功夫局势得到了控制,而且其政治、军事实力都获得了发展。袁世凯的武卫右军及其先锋队在山东期间得到了迅速扩张。这支军队既能够构筑防御体系,威慑德军对内陆的扩张,又可以用于镇压义和团反洋教活动,维持稳定局面。八国联军进范北京,袁世凯积极效仿东南各省与列强“互保”,在军事上执行按兵不动、避战保军的策略。在其他武卫各军遭受重大打击而瓦解的情况下,他的新军没有受到任何损失。这支由袁世凯牢牢控制的新式武装力量,成为庚子年后清廷依靠的主要力量,也是他获取权力和地位的重要工具。对外策略上,袁世凯在涉及面小的具体教案处理中,有着爱国、护民、捍卫主权的一面;在直接关系清政府与列强利害关系中,迫于中外力量的悬殊,又不得不一意迁就,忍辱退让,确保大局不致立时溃败。此外,他还尽可能利用列强间的矛盾相互制衡,最大限度地维护国家主权。对于袁世凯维护山东境内外国人利益的做法,赢得了西方人的好感和敬佩,这也成为了他在仕途上平步青云的重要砝码。袁世凯在两年山东巡抚期间展示的出色才能,使他完成了由一个新军将领到晚清政坛举足轻重政治人物的历史蜕变,也是他逐步步入权力巅峰的又一个里程碑。
[Abstract]:During the Yihetuan period, Shandong was one of the most chaotic provinces in the country. There were not only the constant encroachment of Western forces, but also the increasingly fierce conflicts between the people and the foreign religion, and the organization of the boxing groups all over the country. The whole situation was a mess. Yuan Shikai became governor of Shandong province, and within months the situation had been brought under control, and his political and military might had developed. Yuan Shikai's right-wing armed forces and their vanguards expanded rapidly in Shandong. The army can both build a defense system to deter German expansion inland, and can be used to suppress the Boxer anti-foreign activities and maintain stability. The eight-nation coalition forces entered into Beijing, Yuan Shikai actively emulated the southeast provinces and the powers to "protect each other" in the military implementation of the strategy of standing still and avoiding the armed forces. His Forces nouvelles suffered no loss in the event of a major attack on the other armed forces. This new armed force, firmly controlled by Yuan Shikai, became the main force relied on by the Qing court after the Boxer's year, and it was also an important tool for him to gain power and status. In terms of foreign strategy, Yuan Shikai has a patriotic side, protects the people, and defends sovereignty in handling specific teaching plans involving a small face.In the direct relationship between the Qing government and the great powers, he is forced by the great disparity between Chinese and foreign forces and has to accommodate himself with one mind. Tolerate humiliation and give way to ensure that the overall situation is not immediately defeated. In addition, he tried to make use of the contradictions between the powers to maintain national sovereignty to the maximum extent. Yuan Shikai's practice of safeguarding the interests of foreigners in Shandong has won the favor and admiration of Westerners, which has become an important weight for his success in his official career. Yuan Shikai's outstanding talent during the two years of Shandong governor made him complete the historical transformation from a new army to a pivotal political figure in the late Qing Dynasty. It was also another milestone that he gradually stepped into the peak of power.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K256.7

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