山东抗日根据地钱物体系研究

发布时间：2018-10-30 07:33

【摘要】：山东抗日根据地是中共在敌后创立的19块根据地中唯一的一块以省命名的抗日根据地,在长达八年的抗战中,中共开创了一套独特的货币、物资管理体系。中共1942年之前,早期财政体系较为幼稚,虽然建立北海银行,发行了货币,但是并没有将其和物资结合起来。早期北海币本质上是法币的辅币,使得货币管理与物资管理相互独立,没有结合。所以本文以钱物为主要研究方向,探讨中共钱物体系的初创、发展、成熟。中共在山东抗日根据地的钱物体系,是以农村经济活动为主,统制管理农村重要物资的货币管理体系,其管理手段包括生产建设、贸易管理、货币斗争,生产建设是基础,贸易管理和货币斗争为手段。自1942年后,经薛暮桥等党政干部的努力将山东的钱物管理体系逐步完善。中国共产党进入山东之后,在各地恢复建立党组织,发动武装起义,建立根据地。由于中共在国民党、日本三方势力中力量最弱,故中共初期的货币发行是以法币为基础,然而随着战争的进一步进行,中共根据地越来越大,中共面临着日本和国民党二方势力的夹攻,处境艰难。为了生存和将抗日战争进行到底,1943年之后,中共对自己的钱物体系进行了总结,探索出了一套适合自己的强有力的货币、物资体系——物价本位制。物价本位制或物资本位制是中共山东抗日根据地钱物管理体系的成熟形态,以物资为基础发行和吸纳货币,满足自身的财政需要和建设根据地。日军在山东利用自身的军事政治优势,将山东抗日根据地变为其侵略中共的后方基地,通过军事、政治、经济等各种手段,垄断山东的工矿、农业、工商业等各个经济领域的资源,山东经济逐渐殖民地化。日军在此基础上,以暴力为基础发行伪币,从经济上掠夺山东经济资源,造成山东经济形势极端恶化。国民党在山东战场,首先处决韩复榘,一方面任命沈鸿烈接任山东省政府主席,重建山东省政府。另一方面派出正规军于学忠部进入山东敌后,与沈鸿烈共抗日军。国民党为了维护自身的生存,一方面多方筹集资金,一方面滥发货币。由于国民党在山东政治处于隔绝分裂状态,这导致国民党所发货币无准备、无统计、无限制,造成严重的通货膨胀,大失民心。最终,国民党基本丧失对山东省的控制,主力部队撤出山东省。抗战胜利前夕,山东省几乎被中共全部解放。
[Abstract]:Shandong Anti-Japanese Base area is the only one of the 19 base areas founded by the Communist Party of China behind enemy lines. During the eight-year War of Resistance against Japan, the Communist Party of China created a unique system of currency and material management. Before 1942, the Communist party's early fiscal system was childish, with the establishment of the North Sea Bank and the issuance of currency, but it was not combined with goods. The early North Sea coin was essentially a legal coin, which made money management and material management independent and not combined. Therefore, this paper discusses the establishment, development and maturity of the Chinese Communist Party's money and material system with money and goods as the main research direction. The Chinese Communist Party's money and property system in Shandong's anti-Japanese base area is a monetary management system dominated by rural economic activities and controlled and managed in rural areas. Its management means include production and construction, trade management, currency struggle, and production and construction. Trade management and currency struggle are the means. Since 1942, by Xue Muqiao and other party and government cadres efforts to improve Shandong's money management system. After entering Shandong, the Communist Party of China resumed the establishment of party organizations, launched armed uprisings and established base areas. Since the Chinese Communists are the weakest among the Kuomintang and the three Japanese forces, the Chinese Communists' initial currency issue was based on the French dollar. However, as the war progressed, the base areas of the Chinese Communists grew larger and larger. The Chinese Communists are in a difficult position facing the two forces of Japan and the Kuomintang. In order to survive and carry out the War of Resistance against Japan to the end, after 1943, the Communist Party of China summed up its own system of money and goods, and explored a set of strong currency, material system-price standard system suitable for its own. Price standard or material standard is the mature form of the money and property management system in Shandong Anti-Japanese Base area of the Communist Party of China, which issues and absorbs money on the basis of materials, satisfies its own financial needs and builds the base area. Using their own military and political advantages in Shandong, the Japanese army turned the Shandong Anti-Japanese Base area into a rear base for its invasion of the Communist Party of China, monopolizing Shandong's industrial, mining, and agricultural industries through military, political, economic and other means. Industry and commerce and other economic areas of resources, Shandong economy gradually colonized. On this basis, the Japanese army issued counterfeit coins on the basis of violence, plundered Shandong's economic resources economically, resulting in the extreme deterioration of Shandong's economic situation. On the other hand, the Kuomintang appointed Shen Honglie as chairman of the Shandong Provincial Government to rebuild the Shandong Provincial Government. On the other hand, sent regular troops in Xuezhong Department into Shandong behind the enemy, and Shen Honglie Anti-Japanese Army. In order to maintain its own survival, the Kuomintang raised funds in various ways and issued money indiscriminately on the one hand. As the Kuomintang's politics in Shandong was isolated and divided, this led to the lack of preparation, statistics and restrictions on the currency issued by the Kuomintang, resulting in serious inflation and a great loss of popular support. Eventually, the Kuomintang basically lost control of Shandong Province, and the main forces withdrew from Shandong Province. On the eve of the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong Province was almost completely liberated by the CPC.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K269.5

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