二十世纪五十年代海峡两岸土地改革成效之比较
发布时间：2018-11-15 07:06
【摘要】：大陆与台湾于二十世纪五十年代经济发展之初,在社会政治经济领域共同经历了一场大事件——农村土地改革运动。了解这场运动给双方带来什么样的经济社会后果,是现代社会经济史的一项重要内容。目前学术界对两岸土改的研究,在内容上大多从单方入手,比较类型的研究成果相对较少,研究方向主要集中于二者问背景、过程、政策、影响的异同,关于成效的细致比较鲜有人涉及。本文透过比较分析,重点考察两岸土改产生的经济社会成效,探讨土改对两岸日后发展产生的不同效应。 总体而言,国共两党从自身利益出发进行的土改在经济效益层面上是成功的。土地改革促使两岸农村地权重新分配,农业生产初步恢复,虽然仍共同面临农地零碎化的问题,但缓解了当下如粮食紧缺等燃眉之急；对发展工业经济而言,十地改革为其提供了资本、原料、市场等必备要素。在社会成效方面,由于两岸意识形态的差异,对地主的政策也大相径庭,因而产生了不同的社会效应。大陆的地主阶层消亡,农民在国家政权的庇护下,当家作主,国家政权则通过农民的支持获得了对乡村社会绝对的控制力；台湾的地主阶层则出现两极分化的趋势,大地主借由在上改中获得的巨大经济利润,影响思想政治领域,进而在某种程度上影响了台湾的政治而貌。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of economic development in the 1950s, the mainland and Taiwan experienced a great event in the field of social politics and economy, the rural land reform movement. Understanding the economic and social consequences of this movement is an important part of modern social and economic history. At present, the academic research on land reform across the Taiwan Strait is mostly carried out from one side to the other, and the comparative research results are relatively few. The research direction is mainly focused on the similarities and differences of the background, the process, the policy, and the influence between the two. Detailed comparisons of results are rarely involved. Through comparative analysis, this paper focuses on the economic and social effects of land reform on both sides of the strait, and probes into the different effects of land reform on the future development of the two sides of the strait. Overall, the two parties from their own interests to carry out land reform in the economic level is successful. Land reform promoted the redistribution of land rights and the initial recovery of agricultural production. Although the land was still faced with the problem of fragmentation, it alleviated the urgent needs such as food shortage. For the development of industrial economy, the ten-place reform provides necessary elements such as capital, raw materials, market and so on. In the aspect of social effect, because of the difference of ideology, the policy to landlords is different, so it has different social effect. The landlords of the mainland died out, the peasants became masters under the protection of the state power, and the state power gained absolute control over the rural society through the support of the peasants. On the other hand, the landlord class in Taiwan showed a trend of polarization, and the big landlords influenced the ideological and political field by the huge economic profits gained in the upper-reform process, and to some extent influenced the appearance of Taiwan's politics.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F301;K27
[Abstract]:At the beginning of economic development in the 1950s, the mainland and Taiwan experienced a great event in the field of social politics and economy, the rural land reform movement. Understanding the economic and social consequences of this movement is an important part of modern social and economic history. At present, the academic research on land reform across the Taiwan Strait is mostly carried out from one side to the other, and the comparative research results are relatively few. The research direction is mainly focused on the similarities and differences of the background, the process, the policy, and the influence between the two. Detailed comparisons of results are rarely involved. Through comparative analysis, this paper focuses on the economic and social effects of land reform on both sides of the strait, and probes into the different effects of land reform on the future development of the two sides of the strait. Overall, the two parties from their own interests to carry out land reform in the economic level is successful. Land reform promoted the redistribution of land rights and the initial recovery of agricultural production. Although the land was still faced with the problem of fragmentation, it alleviated the urgent needs such as food shortage. For the development of industrial economy, the ten-place reform provides necessary elements such as capital, raw materials, market and so on. In the aspect of social effect, because of the difference of ideology, the policy to landlords is different, so it has different social effect. The landlords of the mainland died out, the peasants became masters under the protection of the state power, and the state power gained absolute control over the rural society through the support of the peasants. On the other hand, the landlord class in Taiwan showed a trend of polarization, and the big landlords influenced the ideological and political field by the huge economic profits gained in the upper-reform process, and to some extent influenced the appearance of Taiwan's politics.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F301;K27
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