抗战前后吉安县商会档案整理与研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 09:09

【摘要】：吉安县商会档案内容丰富,对深化商会史、抗战史以及区域社会史均有较高的史料价值。本文在整理吉安县商会档案的基础上,考察抗日战争前后吉安县商会的发展与演变,探讨战前商会改组及其内部建设,战时商会改选纠纷与职能变化以及战后商会与地方社会秩序的重建,在揭示吉安县商会的时代特征与地域特点,及其背后所反映出来的政治、经济变迁的同时,试图从“短时段”中对商会与地方政府的关系作进一步分析。国民党统一全国后,开始对各地商会进行整顿。然而,受内战影响,对吉安县商会的整顿工作一直滞后。1935年6月底红军撤离后,在吉安县党部的组织下,吉安县商会整理委员会(“整委会”)宣告成立,吉安县商会进入了长达4个月的过渡时期。这一时期,围绕对前商会账目的清算,“整委会”与商人(商户)之间产生了诸多矛盾,导致了商人们的不满。不过,“整委会”很快被新商会取代,吉安县商会进入了“萧宗川时代”。在萧宗川的主导下,吉安县商会得到了不小的发展,不仅组织系统得到了进一步完善,还组建了诸如商业夜校、救火总会、商人自卫队等附属机构。在此过程中,萧宗川的权力不断集中,从而导致了萧宗川两届期满后,新任商会理事长接钤视事时的尴尬局面。抗日战争期间,由于地理位置的特殊性,作为战时江西中心城市的吉安先是因战而兴,大量人口、商号、工厂的南迁,给吉安商业带来了短暂的繁荣,后又因“浙赣会战”的失利迅速衰落。在战局变动下的吉安商会,不仅一度形成了本籍与外籍商人在改选中激烈纷争局面,且主要职能亦发生了变化,除维持商业秩序、规范商业活动外,以不同形式支援抗战成为其重要的时代职责。抗战胜利后,吉安县商会进入了一个过渡时期。作为特殊时期商会的变体,“商整会”为吉安县社会秩序的重建作出了巨大的努力。它既举办商业登记、整顿同业公会、筹备商会改选等一系列措施,让商业秩序重回正轨,引导吉安各业走向复苏,又整理义渡、整顿消防,在便民利商的同时,也起到了安定人心的作用。在此期间,围绕税费摊派、参议员名额以及余粮配购等事,“商整会”与吉安县政府进行了多次博弈,从而使二者的关系呈现出复杂而动态的面相。1946年后,吉安县商会重新改组。在1947—1949年这三年的时间中,面对政局动荡、商业失序和军人扰市,吉安县商会却有心无力,几乎毫无作为,从而使其在各同业公会中的威信不断下降。伴随着各同业公会对商会的不信任,商会的存在之基不断受到削弱,并最终导致其在吉安解放后走向终结。这一点,也是南京国民政府时期商会与政府关系密切相关的一种写照。
[Abstract]:The archives of Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce are rich and valuable for deepening the history of the Chamber of Commerce, the history of the War of Resistance against Japan and the history of regional society. On the basis of sorting out the archives of Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce, this paper investigates the development and evolution of Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce before and after the War of Resistance against Japan, and probes into the reorganization and internal construction of the Chamber of Commerce before and after the War of War. During the war, the war Chamber of Commerce changed its functions and its functions, as well as the reconstruction of the postwar Chamber of Commerce and the local social order, while revealing the characteristics of the era and the regional characteristics of the Chamber of Commerce in Ji'an County, and the political and economic changes reflected behind it, at the same time. This paper attempts to further analyze the relationship between chamber of commerce and local government in short time. After the Kuomintang unified the country, it began to rectify local chambers of commerce. However, as a result of the civil war, the rectification of the Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce has been lagging behind. After the Red Army withdrew at the end of June 1935, under the organization of the Ji'an County Party Department, the Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce sorting Committee ("the whole Committee") was established. Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce entered a four-month transition period. During this period, there were many conflicts between the whole Council and the merchants around the liquidation of the accounts of the former Chamber of Commerce, which led to the dissatisfaction of the merchants. However, the whole committee was soon replaced by the new Chamber of Commerce, Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce entered the "Xiao Zongchuan era." Under the leadership of Xiao Zongchuan, the Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce has made great progress, not only has the organization system been further improved, but also has set up subsidiary organizations such as business evening schools, fire fighting associations, self-defense forces of businessmen and so on. In the process, Xiao Zongchuan's power continued to centralize, which led to the awkward situation of Xiao Zongchuan's new chairman of the Chamber of Commerce after the expiration of his two terms. During the War of Resistance against Japan, due to the particularity of its geographical location, Ji'an, as a central city in Jiangxi during the war, was first born out of the war. The relocation of a large number of people, businesses and factories to the south brought about a brief prosperity for Ji'an 's commerce. Later, due to the defeat of the "Zhejiang-Jiangxi Battle," the rapid decline. Under the change of the war situation, the JIA not only formed a situation of fierce disputes between the native and foreign businessmen in the reelection, but also changed its main functions. In addition to maintaining commercial order and standardizing commercial activities, It has become an important duty of the times to support the War of Resistance in different forms. After the victory of the War of Resistance, the Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce entered a transitional period. As a variant of the Chamber of Commerce in a special period, the Chamber of Commerce and Integration made great efforts to rebuild the social order in Ji'an County. It not only holds a series of measures, such as business registration, rectifying trade associations, preparing for a new election of chambers of commerce, and so on, so that business order can be put back on track, leading Ji'an industries to recover, and sorting out Yidu, rectifying fire fighting, while facilitating the people and benefiting businesses. It also plays a stabilizing role. During this period, over the issues of tax and fee assessment, Senate quota and surplus grain purchase and so on, the "Business and Integration Council" and the Ji'an County Government conducted many games, which made the relationship between the two appear to be complex and dynamic. After 1946, The Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce was reorganized. During the three years from 1947 to 1949, in the face of political turmoil, commercial disorder and military disturbance, the Ji'an County Chamber of Commerce was powerless and did little, thus reducing its prestige in various trade associations. With the trade associations' distrust of the Chamber of Commerce, the foundation of the Chamber of Commerce was weakened and eventually ended after the liberation of Jian. This is also a portrayal of the close relationship between the chamber of commerce and the government in the period of Nanjing National Government.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265
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本文编号：2348811