中日民间外交的肇始

发布时间：2018-12-06 22:03

【摘要】：二战结束后美苏冷战随即拉开帷幕,美苏在全球争霸的态势也影响到了东亚的政治格局。美国独控日本,要把日本作为其在东亚防共基地。为了避免介入国际纷争,日本吉田政府根据时势,依靠美国政策,在国内施行“重经济,轻军备”的治国方针,以建立美治下的通商国家。1949年新中国的成立,使东亚局势再次成为世界焦点,1950年2月14日《中苏友好同盟互助条约》的签订,标志着新中国加入了以苏联为首的社会主义阵营。1950年10月中国介入朝鲜战争,使美国对中国态度转为强硬,改变抑制日本转为扶植日本。自此,东亚局势冷战中出现的热战,使胶着态势更甚。吉田茂在中、美、英、苏、台之间观察周旋,适时做出反应以求获得最大的国家利益。在迫使美国、台湾对其让步之后,日本和美国于1951年9月4日签署《旧金山和约》拒绝承认新中国的合法国际地位,1952年4月28日《日台和约》的签订标志着“一中一台”政策正式起步,而这一切最终导致日本与新中国外交的中断。日本国土狭小,资源贫乏。十九世纪七八十年代开始觊觎中国,发动侵华战争,以夺取能源物资供给国内经济发展。中日断交之后,中日间正常贸易也随之中断,给日本经济的发展造成障碍。日本经济界人士随即组成民间贸易组织要求和中国继续发展贸易往来。中国领导人虽然也反对“政经分离”政策,但最终做出“以民促官,贸易先行”的决策。一方面促进中日两国经济贸易的发展,另一方面可维系中日间交往为正式的官方往来做好应有的铺垫。本文就将从美苏东亚冷战开始,分析日本吉田茂内阁运用外交谋略,有效利用美、苏、中、台甚至是英国的东亚利益争夺的局势而为战后日本获取最实效国家利益的举措,最终导致中日断交。正式外交管道的阻断,出于国内经济发展的需要和未来国际关系的考虑,是民间外交这一特殊交往形式出现的原因。分析民间外交出现的缘由是本文的重点,它包括中日官方外交的中断原因和民间继续交往的必要性。谨以此文纪念2012年中日邦交正常化40周年。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union immediately began, and the situation of American and Soviet hegemony in the world also affected the political pattern of East Asia. The United States dominates Japan and wants to use Japan as its base for East Asian defense. In order to avoid getting involved in international disputes, the Yoshida government of Japan, in accordance with the current situation and relying on the United States policy, implemented a national policy of "emphasizing economy rather than armaments" in order to establish a trade country under the rule of the United States. The founding of New China in 1949. The situation in East Asia once again became the focus of the world. The signing of the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance between China and the Soviet Union on 14 February 1950 marked the accession of New China to the socialist camp headed by the Soviet Union. In October 1950, China intervened in the Korean War. To make America's attitude towards China tough, change to restrain Japan to support Japan. Since then, the situation in East Asia in the cold war, the hot war, so that even more glued situation. Yoshida watched China, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and Taiwan, responding in time to maximize national interests. After forcing the United States and Taiwan to give way to it, Japan and the United States signed the San Francisco Treaty of Peace on September 4, 1951, refusing to recognize the legitimate international status of New China. The signing of the Treaty of Peace between Japan and Taiwan on April 28, 1952 marked the beginning of the policy of "one China, one Taiwan", which eventually led to the interruption of Japan's diplomacy with the people's Republic of China. Japan is small and short of resources. In the 1870s and 1980 s, they began to covet China and launch a war of aggression against China in order to capture energy and supplies for domestic economic development. After the break-up of Sino-Japanese relations, normal trade between China and Japan was interrupted, causing obstacles to the development of Japanese economy. Japanese economic circles immediately formed a non-governmental trade organization to continue to develop trade with China. Chinese leaders also opposed the policy of "political and economic separation," but ultimately made the decision to "promote government by the people and give priority to trade." On the one hand, it can promote the development of economic and trade between China and Japan, on the other hand, it can maintain the Sino-Japanese exchanges and make the proper preparations for the official exchanges. Starting from the Cold War in East Asia between the United States and the Soviet Union, this paper will analyze the measures taken by the Yoshida Cabinet of Japan to use diplomatic strategies to effectively utilize the situation of East Asian interests of the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Taiwan and even Britain in order to obtain the most effective national interests for Japan after the war. Finally, it led to the break-up of Sino-Japanese relations. The blocking of formal diplomatic channels, due to the need of domestic economic development and the consideration of future international relations, is the reason for the emergence of folk diplomacy as a special form of communication. The analysis of the reasons for the emergence of folk diplomacy is the focus of this paper, which includes the reasons for the interruption of official diplomacy between China and Japan and the necessity of continuing civil communication. I have the honour to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in 2012.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27

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