山西交城大烟种植与农村经济概况研究（1947-1949）
发布时间：2018-12-10 17:36
【摘要】：作为北方主要的鸦片产区之一,山西的鸦片问题一直受到世人的关注。自咸丰年间开始在山西大量种植后,到光绪初年,鸦片的种植面积已经占到了当时山西总耕地面积的的11.32%。此后的几十年间,鸦片在山西一直是农业经济中的重要组成部分。种植大烟阻碍农业发展,毒害人的身心健康,恶化社会风气等各种问题相当严重。从抗日战争胜利到新中国成立之前,社会处于动荡时期。在这一过渡时期,山西种植罂粟情况如何,种烟农民的经济生活如何,以及当时中国共产党的鸦片方针政策如何,这些问题都值得研究。 本文选取了山西省交城县大烟种植与当地农村家庭经济关系作为具体研究对象,依据翔实的历史资料,探讨在社会动荡,经济混乱的环境下,通过分析种植大烟的数量、产量、生产资料的抵垫,劳动用工等情况,展现当时农村经济衰退下,种植鸦片所带来的经济收益被不断上涨的各种物质资料所抵消。以及通过种烟农民与非种烟农民经济状况的比较,来说明大烟已经成为了当时农民的毒瘤,单靠农民自身无法摆脱。只有在中国共产党的正确领导下,交城人民才最终摆脱了这个恶魔。 本文主要分为五个部分: 第一部分,山西省交城大烟种植概况。主要介绍交城地区鸦片的引种与发展,指出当地优越的地理气候条件使所产鸦片被冠以“交土”之名。通过分析,得出了交城每年大烟的种植面积一般在三千到五千亩之间,具体到每户家庭而言,贫农一般种植二到三亩,较富裕的农民种的要多一点,有的能达到六亩左右。在产量方面,在当地一亩大烟平均收入在五十两左右,交城当地可收大烟二十五万两左右。 第二部分,种植鸦片与其他主要农作物投入与产出比较。主要以山西档案馆的交城县三区.四区关于种烟成本与烟税问题的调查材料,对交城地区种植大烟及其他农作物抵垫生产资料,劳动用工数量,以及收入等问题进行分析对比。 第三部分,土改后各阶层种大烟征税比。通过对各阶层所交烟税的对比分析,可以看出,中国共产党土改后,对贫农,赤农,以及退伍军人等阶层有一定的照顾。 第四部分,通货膨胀下种烟农民的经济。通货膨胀经济条件下,种大烟的收益被粮食的生活资料的上涨所抵消。通过对种烟农民和非种烟农民生活生产收入,支出的对比分析,指出在通货膨胀面前,鸦片已是农民经济发展的毒瘤,无法摆脱。 第五部分,大烟种植对交城人民的危害与影响。列举了种植大烟对当地人民的危害:影响了农村经济的发展,加剧了农民贫困化,以及吸食现象日益严重。 第六部分,中国共产党的鸦片政策对交城大烟种植的影响。主要指出在当时争取战争胜利为第一需要的时候,大烟的种植是在所难免的,但随着战争的胜利,禁毒禁烟又是大势所趋,交城大烟种植开始彻底被消灭。
[Abstract]:As one of the main opium producing areas in the north, the opium problem in Shanxi has been concerned by the world all the time. Since Xianfeng began to grow heavily in Shanxi Province, by the beginning of Guang Xu, opium cultivation area had accounted for 11.32% of the total cultivated land area in Shanxi at that time. The following decades, opium in Shanxi has been an important part of the agricultural economy. Planting smoke hinders the development of agriculture, poisons people's physical and mental health, worsens social atmosphere and so on. From the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan to the founding of New China, the society was in a turbulent period. In this transitional period, the situation of opium poppy cultivation in Shanxi, the economic life of tobacco farmers, and the opium policy of the Communist Party of China at that time are worthy of study. In this paper, the relationship between tobacco planting and local rural families in Jiaocheng County, Shanxi Province, is selected as the specific research object. Based on the detailed historical data, the paper discusses the quantity and yield of tobacco planting under the environment of social turbulence and economic chaos. The cushion of the means of production and the employment of labor showed that under the economic recession in rural areas at that time, the economic benefits brought by opium cultivation were offset by the rising material materials. By comparing the economic situation of farmers with that of non-farmers, it is shown that tobacco has become a cancer of farmers at that time, and farmers alone can not get rid of it. Only under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China can the people of Jiaocheng finally get rid of this evil. This paper is mainly divided into five parts: the first part, Shanxi Province Jiaocheng tobacco planting overview. This paper mainly introduces the introduction and development of opium in Jiaocheng area, and points out that the superior geographical and climatic conditions make the opium produced in Jiaocheng area as "cross soil". Through analysis, it is concluded that the planting area of big smoke in Jiaocheng is generally between 3,000 and 5,000 mu per year. For each family, the poor peasants generally plant two to three mu, which is a little more than the rich peasants, and some can reach about six mu. In terms of yield, the local average income of one mu of smoke is about 52, Jiaocheng can harvest about 252000 smoke. The second part is the comparison between the input and output of opium cultivation and other major crops. Mainly to Shanxi archives Jiaocheng County three districts. The investigation materials on the cost and tax of planting tobacco in the four regions were analyzed and compared in Jiaocheng area, such as the production material, the quantity of labor and employment, and the income of planting big smoke and other crops in Jiaocheng area. The third part, after the land reform, each class cultivates the big smoke tax ratio. Through the comparative analysis of the tobacco taxes paid by all classes, we can see that after the land reform of the Communist Party of China, the poor peasants, the red peasants, and the veterans have certain care. The fourth part, the economy of farmers growing tobacco under inflation. Under inflationary economic conditions, the gains from growing smoke are offset by an increase in food supplies. Based on the comparative analysis of the income and expenditure of daily production between farmers and non-farmers, it is pointed out that opium has become a cancer of farmers' economic development in the face of inflation and can not be rid of. The fifth part, the harm and influence of tobacco planting to the people of Jiaocheng city. The harm of planting smoke to local people is listed. It affects the development of rural economy, intensifies the poverty of farmers, and the phenomenon of smoking is becoming more and more serious. The sixth part, the influence of the opium policy of the Communist Party of China on tobacco planting in Jiaocheng. It is mainly pointed out that it is inevitable to plant smoke in order to win the war at that time, but with the victory of the war, the anti-drug and anti-smoking is the trend of the times, and the tobacco planting in Jiaocheng has been completely eliminated.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K266
本文编号：2370959
[Abstract]:As one of the main opium producing areas in the north, the opium problem in Shanxi has been concerned by the world all the time. Since Xianfeng began to grow heavily in Shanxi Province, by the beginning of Guang Xu, opium cultivation area had accounted for 11.32% of the total cultivated land area in Shanxi at that time. The following decades, opium in Shanxi has been an important part of the agricultural economy. Planting smoke hinders the development of agriculture, poisons people's physical and mental health, worsens social atmosphere and so on. From the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan to the founding of New China, the society was in a turbulent period. In this transitional period, the situation of opium poppy cultivation in Shanxi, the economic life of tobacco farmers, and the opium policy of the Communist Party of China at that time are worthy of study. In this paper, the relationship between tobacco planting and local rural families in Jiaocheng County, Shanxi Province, is selected as the specific research object. Based on the detailed historical data, the paper discusses the quantity and yield of tobacco planting under the environment of social turbulence and economic chaos. The cushion of the means of production and the employment of labor showed that under the economic recession in rural areas at that time, the economic benefits brought by opium cultivation were offset by the rising material materials. By comparing the economic situation of farmers with that of non-farmers, it is shown that tobacco has become a cancer of farmers at that time, and farmers alone can not get rid of it. Only under the correct leadership of the Communist Party of China can the people of Jiaocheng finally get rid of this evil. This paper is mainly divided into five parts: the first part, Shanxi Province Jiaocheng tobacco planting overview. This paper mainly introduces the introduction and development of opium in Jiaocheng area, and points out that the superior geographical and climatic conditions make the opium produced in Jiaocheng area as "cross soil". Through analysis, it is concluded that the planting area of big smoke in Jiaocheng is generally between 3,000 and 5,000 mu per year. For each family, the poor peasants generally plant two to three mu, which is a little more than the rich peasants, and some can reach about six mu. In terms of yield, the local average income of one mu of smoke is about 52, Jiaocheng can harvest about 252000 smoke. The second part is the comparison between the input and output of opium cultivation and other major crops. Mainly to Shanxi archives Jiaocheng County three districts. The investigation materials on the cost and tax of planting tobacco in the four regions were analyzed and compared in Jiaocheng area, such as the production material, the quantity of labor and employment, and the income of planting big smoke and other crops in Jiaocheng area. The third part, after the land reform, each class cultivates the big smoke tax ratio. Through the comparative analysis of the tobacco taxes paid by all classes, we can see that after the land reform of the Communist Party of China, the poor peasants, the red peasants, and the veterans have certain care. The fourth part, the economy of farmers growing tobacco under inflation. Under inflationary economic conditions, the gains from growing smoke are offset by an increase in food supplies. Based on the comparative analysis of the income and expenditure of daily production between farmers and non-farmers, it is pointed out that opium has become a cancer of farmers' economic development in the face of inflation and can not be rid of. The fifth part, the harm and influence of tobacco planting to the people of Jiaocheng city. The harm of planting smoke to local people is listed. It affects the development of rural economy, intensifies the poverty of farmers, and the phenomenon of smoking is becoming more and more serious. The sixth part, the influence of the opium policy of the Communist Party of China on tobacco planting in Jiaocheng. It is mainly pointed out that it is inevitable to plant smoke in order to win the war at that time, but with the victory of the war, the anti-drug and anti-smoking is the trend of the times, and the tobacco planting in Jiaocheng has been completely eliminated.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K266
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