略论清末修律与中国法律近代化的启动

发布时间：2018-12-13 21:16

【摘要】： 清末修律是由封建统治集团实行的近代意义上的法律变革,是从古代封建法律制度向近现代资本主义法律制度转型的第一次努力。清末修律导致了绵延几千年的中华法系走向解体,同时也使中国法律走上了近代化的道路。中华法系是以中国封建法为主体的、东亚各国受其影响并建立相应的法律制度的法文化体系。中华法系自形成以来对东亚各国的法律制度一直在产生着影响。但是,清末以来,西方列强不断人侵东亚。它们在进行侵略的同时,也带来了先进的法制文化,对东亚各国产生了重大影响。日本通过明治维新,仿照大陆法系建立了自己的法律制度。不久,中国也开始了法律近代化旅程,大量翻译、介绍西方的法规、法典,引进西方特别是大陆法系国家的法律制度,建立了近代法律体系。 1902年到1911年,在沈家本等人的努力下,清政府法律修订馆,连同法制变革的另一机构———宪政编篡馆,翻译了大量的外国著名法典与法学著作如德意志刑法、日本现行刑法等,制定或修订了《大清新刑律》、《大清民律草案》等十多部主要法典和法典草案。与此同时,清政府还聘请了冈田朝太郎、松冈义正等日本法学专家,帮助中国制定近代法典。这些法典中不仅有宪法、行政法规、刑法,也有民法、商法、经济法,还有诉讼法,其规模是空前的,门类也比较齐全。晚清修律对中国社会具有积极意义,启动了中国法律近代化的脚步。如果说法典的效力只能行于一时,那么贯穿于法典编纂过程中的对旧律原则、精神和理念的改造以及由此而形成的新理念,其影响则是深远的。晚清修律的价值,不仅表现为中国人法律意识的觉醒,而且还在于他为中国法律的近代转型,确立了航标,奠下了基础。
[Abstract]:The law revision in the late Qing Dynasty was the legal reform in the modern sense carried out by the feudal ruling group, and it was the first effort to transform from the ancient feudal legal system to the modern capitalist legal system. The law revision in the late Qing Dynasty led to the disintegration of the Chinese legal system for thousands of years and the modernization of Chinese law. The Chinese legal system is based on the feudal law of China, and the countries of East Asia are influenced by it and set up the corresponding legal system of legal culture. Since the formation of the Chinese legal system, it has been exerting an influence on the legal system of East Asian countries. However, since the late Qing Dynasty, Western powers have been invading East Asia. In the course of aggression, they also brought advanced legal culture, which had a great influence on East Asian countries. Through the Meiji Restoration, Japan established its own legal system modelled on the continental law system. Soon, China also began the process of legal modernization, a large number of translations, introduction of western laws, codes, introduction of the Western legal system, especially in continental law countries, the establishment of a modern legal system. From 1902 to 1911, with the efforts of Shen Jiaben and others, the Qing government law revision hall, together with the constitutional compilation hall, another institution of legal reform, translated a large number of famous foreign codes and legal works such as German criminal law. The current criminal law of Japan has made or amended the Great Clean Criminal Law and the draft of the people's Law of the Qing Dynasty, and so on more than ten main codes and draft codes have been formulated or amended. At the same time, the Qing government hired Japanese law experts such as Taro Okada and Matsuoka Izhiro to help China formulate its modern code. There are not only constitutions, administrative regulations, criminal laws, but also civil, commercial, economic and procedural laws. The revision of the law in the late Qing Dynasty was of positive significance to Chinese society and initiated the modernization of Chinese law. If the validity of the code can only be applied for a while, the influence of the reform of the old law principle, the spirit and the idea and the new idea formed through the codification process is far-reaching. The value of the law revision in the late Qing Dynasty was not only the awakening of the Chinese legal consciousness, but also the fact that he established the navigation mark and laid the foundation for the modern transformation of Chinese law.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929;K257

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