1935-1941年中国共产党对美政策的发展

发布时间：2018-12-15 07:21

【摘要】：1935年到1941年是中共对美政策的起步阶段。日本的全面侵华为中共的发展提供了有利条件,中共一面呼吁停止内战,实行国共合作,共同抗日,一面加强国际宣传,主动接受美国等西方记者的采访,向世界宣传中共,并表达了建立以美国为主要成员的反日国际统一战线的愿望。中共在抗日战争初期提出加强与美国接触,以及呼吁建立以美国为主要对象的反日国际统一战线,就是希望在自身力量相对较弱的情况下,利用美国与日本在太平洋地区的矛盾冲突,以及美国与南京国民政府之间的关系,实现美国支持中国抗战,抵制国民党发动的反共活动,遏制国内的投降情绪,促使反日战争取得胜利,结束国民党的一党统治,进而在中国建立新民主主义,获得执政地位的目的。而另一方面,中共又时刻警惕抗战时期可能出现的美日妥协以及美国支持国民党反共降日的行为。如1939年中期,由于美国对日本采取了缓和关系的措施,并与英国等西方国家积极鼓吹召开“太平洋会议”,中共加大了对美国绥靖政策的批评,而1941初的美日谈判也引起了中共的高度警惕。中共认为,美日谈判是美日蒋三方共同酝酿的企图牺牲太平洋各民族的利益,尤其是苏联的利益,以换取与日本的暂时性妥协的东方慕尼黑新阴谋。因此,中共再一次重申了独立自主和自力更生在抗战中的重要性,并认为把抗战寄希望于美日在太平洋上的冲突是不合实际的。在中共对美态度的问题上,苏联对中共的影响也是不可忽视的,甚至可以说苏联的外交政策直接决定了中共的对美政策。中共一直与苏联有着紧密的联系,并且在抗战时期也一直紧跟苏联步伐。苏联作为一个横跨欧亚大陆的国家,一直希望能够与英美等西方国家建立集体安全体系,因此,在抗战爆发初期,苏联将德意日看作是法西斯国家,并积极呼吁各国建立反法西斯人民战线。不仅如此,苏联还制定了对华方针,将支持中国的抗日战争,利用中国拖住日本,以维护苏联的远东安全作为苏联对华政策的基本方针。苏联的对外政策促使中共加强了与美国的接触。之后苏联由于集体安全体制受挫,于1939年8月23日与德国签署了《苏德互不侵犯条约》,这一条约的签订促使苏联将二战的性质定为“帝国主义的非正义的战争”。随后,中共暂时放弃了国际反法西斯统一战线政策。1941年6月11日,德国发动对苏联的进攻,苏德战争的爆发改变了苏联对二战性质的看法,并将德意日法西斯国家作为当前最主要的敌人,重新提出搁置多年的建立世界反法西斯统一战线的主张。而中共也重新确立了宣传基调,将二战的性质由帝国主义间相互斗争的战争改变为法西斯与反法西斯两大阵营间的斗争,并重新提出与英美等国合作,共建国际反法西斯统一战线。
[Abstract]:1935-1941 was the initial stage of the Chinese Communists' policy towards the United States. Japan's full-scale invasion of China has provided favorable conditions for the development of the Chinese Communists. On the one hand, the Chinese Communists called for an end to the civil war, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated to jointly resist Japan, on the other hand, they stepped up international propaganda, took the initiative to give interviews to Western journalists such as the United States, and publicized the CPC to And expressed the desire to establish an anti-Japanese international United front with the United States as the main member. In the early days of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Chinese Communists proposed to strengthen contacts with the United States and to call for the establishment of an international United front against Japan, the main object of which was the United States, in the hope that under the circumstances of its relatively weak strength, By taking advantage of the contradictions and conflicts between the United States and Japan in the Pacific region and the relations between the United States and the Nanjing National Government, the United States has realized that the United States supports China's anti-Japanese war, boycotted anti-Communist activities launched by the Kuomintang, and contained the domestic surrender mood. The purpose of promoting the victory of the anti-Japanese war, ending the one-party rule of the Kuomintang, and establishing the new democracy in China and gaining the ruling position. On the other hand, the Chinese Communists are always on guard against the possible compromise between the United States and Japan during the War of Resistance against Japan and the actions of the United States in support of the Kuomintang's anti-communist surrender to Japan. For example, in mid-1939, because the United States took measures to ease relations with Japan and actively advocated the "Pacific Conference" with Britain and other Western countries, the Chinese Communists intensified their criticism of the United States appeasement policy. And the US and Japan negotiations in early 1941 also aroused the high vigilance of the Chinese Communists. The Chinese Communists held that the US-Japan talks were a joint attempt by the three parties of the United States, Japan and Chiang Kai-shek to sacrifice the interests of the Pacific nations, especially the interests of the Soviet Union, in exchange for a new plot of temporary compromise with Japan in Eastern Munich. Therefore, the Chinese Communists once again reaffirmed the importance of independence and self-reliance in the War of Resistance, and held that it was unrealistic to place the hope of the War of Resistance on the conflict between the United States and Japan in the Pacific Ocean. On the issue of the Chinese Communists' attitude to the United States, the Soviet Union's influence on the Chinese Communists cannot be ignored, and it can even be said that the Soviet Union's foreign policy directly determines the Chinese Communists' policy towards the United States. The Chinese Communists have been closely linked with the Soviet Union and followed the Soviet Union during the War of Resistance. As a country spanning Eurasia, the Soviet Union had always hoped to establish a collective security system with Western countries such as the United States and the United States. Therefore, at the beginning of the War of Resistance, the Soviet Union regarded Germany, Italy and Japan as fascist countries. And actively called on all countries to establish an anti-fascist people's front. Not only that, the Soviet Union also formulated a policy toward China, which will support China's anti-Japanese war, use China to stall Japan, and maintain the security of the far East of the Soviet Union as the basic policy of the Soviet Union's China policy. The Soviet Union's foreign policy prompted the Chinese Communists to strengthen their contacts with the United States. As a result of the defeat of the collective security system, the Soviet Union signed the "Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty" with Germany on August 23, 1939, which prompted the Soviet Union to define the nature of World War II as "imperialist and unjust war." Subsequently, the Chinese Communists temporarily abandoned the international anti-fascist United front policy. On June 11, 1941, Germany launched an attack on the Soviet Union, and the outbreak of the Soviet-German War changed the Soviet Union's view of the nature of World War II. Germany, Italy and Japan were regarded as the main enemies at present, and put forward the idea of setting up the world anti-fascist United front which had been shelved for many years. The Chinese Communists also re-established the tone of propaganda, changing the nature of World War II from a war of imperialist struggle to a struggle between fascist and anti-fascist camps, and reproposing cooperation with Britain and the United States and other countries. Work together to build an international anti-fascist United front.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265;D231

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