近代来华传教士报刊与中国女性观念启蒙

发布时间：2018-12-30 18:24

【摘要】：口头传道、医疗传道、教育传道和文字传道是近代来华传教士开展传教事业的四大支柱,其中又以文字传道被认为是最适合中国国情的传道方式,“别的方法可以使成千的人改变头脑,而文字宣传则可以使成百万的人改变头脑”。①因此,报刊成为传教士对华跨文化传播活动的重要工具。早期的传教士报刊是单纯的宗教性刊物,为了引起中国人的关注,传教士从内容和样式等方面对报刊采取了一系列的改革措施,表现出世俗化的特征,将基督教教义潜移默化的融入到中国人的现实生活中。当时中西方妇女生活状况的巨大差异引起了来华传教士的广泛关注,他们利用报刊进行了大量的宣传工作。这种关注不是无的放矢,一方面在于基督教“自由、平等、博爱”教义思想指导下的自发行为,另一方面则源于“使中国基督化”这一根本目标的刺激,具有一定的功利色彩。对传教士报刊宣传女性观念的研究可以辅助对传教士报刊宗教本质的认定,世俗内容比例的加重并不是质的改变,而是传教手段的策略性选择。同时,西方女性观念的传播极大的震动了中国陈腐的传统女性观念,起到了思想启蒙的作用,具有示范意义。对这一问题的研究反射出传教士报刊对中国社会的影响,同时,以史鉴今,对今天我们的跨文化传播活动具有深刻的启示和意义。本文共分为四个章节。第一章从思想背景和现实状况两个角度探析近代来华传教士关注中国妇女问题的原因,作为后文论述的基础。传教士报刊对中国妇女生存状态的关注反映出基督教“神爱世人”和“人人平等”的宗教态度,特别是在清朝禁教政策的影响下,由女性作为传教突破口也是推进传教的一种策略性的选择。第二章探析传教士报刊的宗教本质,并对传教士报刊宣传女性观念的几个焦点问题进行内容分析。通过对传教士报刊对西方女性观念的宣扬,我们不难发现,传教士的根本目的一直不曾脱离颂扬基督的伟大,对女性问题的关注只是形式上的选择,传教才是本质。所以,传教士报刊虽然进行了一系列世俗化的改革,但是其宗教性本质不能否认。第三章分析传教士报刊传播女性观念的特点。传播女性观念是传教策略的体现,在上一章论述的基础上,总结传教士报刊宣传女性观念的特点。第四章将论述传教士报刊对中国女性观念启蒙的重要跨文化传播意义。传教士报刊对女性观念的宣传是中西文化交流系统中的重要分支,不仅从思想角度引发中国人对女性观念的新思考,同时也从现实角度提高了中国女性的社会地位,推动了中国社会近代化的发展。
[Abstract]:Oral, medical, educational and written preaching are the four pillars of the missionary cause of modern Chinese missionaries, among which literal preaching is considered to be the most suitable mode of preaching for China's national conditions. "other methods can make thousands of people change their minds, while word propaganda can make millions of people change their minds." 1 therefore, newspapers and periodicals have become an important tool for the missionary's cross-cultural communication to China. The early missionary newspapers and periodicals were purely religious publications. In order to arouse the concern of the Chinese, the missionaries took a series of measures to reform the newspapers and periodicals in terms of content and style, showing the characteristics of secularization. The Christian doctrine is subtly integrated into the real life of the Chinese people. At that time, the great difference in the living conditions of Chinese and western women aroused widespread concern of missionaries in China, who used newspapers and periodicals to carry out a great deal of propaganda work. This concern is not aimless. On the one hand, it lies in the spontaneous behavior under the guidance of the Christian doctrine of "freedom, equality and fraternity", on the other hand, it comes from the stimulus of the fundamental goal of "making China Christicized" and has a certain utilitarian color. The study of missionary newspapers and periodicals propagating the concept of women can help to confirm the religious essence of missionary newspapers and periodicals. The increase in the proportion of secular content is not a qualitative change, but a strategic choice of missionary means. At the same time, the spread of western female concept greatly shocked the Chinese traditional female concept, played the role of ideological enlightenment, and has demonstration significance. The study of this problem reflects the influence of missionary newspapers and periodicals on Chinese society, and at the same time, it has profound enlightenment and significance to our cross-cultural communication activities. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter analyzes the reason why the modern missionaries came to China to pay attention to the problem of Chinese women from the two angles of ideological background and realistic situation, which is the basis of the later discussion. The preacher's concern about the living conditions of Chinese women reflected the Christian religious attitude of "God loves the world" and "everyone is equal", especially under the influence of the Qing Dynasty's policy of banning religion. Women as a breakthrough mission is also a strategic choice to promote missionary. The second chapter analyzes the religious essence of missionary newspapers and periodicals, and analyzes the contents of several focal points of missionary newspapers and periodicals propagating the concept of women. It is not difficult to find that the fundamental purpose of missionaries is never divorced from the praise of the greatness of Christ, and that the attention to women's problems is only a formal choice, and missionary is the essence. Therefore, although the missionary press carried out a series of secularization reforms, its religious nature could not be denied. The third chapter analyzes the characteristics of missionary newspapers and periodicals spreading female ideas. Dissemination of female concept is the embodiment of missionary strategy. On the basis of the previous chapter, this paper summarizes the characteristics of missionary newspapers and periodicals propagating female ideas. The fourth chapter discusses the significance of missionary newspapers and periodicals to the enlightenment of Chinese women. The missionary's propaganda of the concept of women is an important branch of the cultural exchange system between China and the West. It not only causes the Chinese people to think about the concept of women from an ideological point of view, but also improves the social status of Chinese women from a realistic point of view. It has promoted the development of social modernization in China.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K25;G219.29

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