民国时期华北农家农业生产资料与生活消费研究
发布时间：2019-01-06 13:50
【摘要】：民国时期华北农家生产资料的投入和消费方面都有改变。水利灌溉工程的建设方面,在20年代华北大旱后,政府和民间投入巨大的精力和财力进行抗旱,并且开始着眼于根本性的举措,水利灌溉工程的建设迎来发展的新时期。一是农业灌井数量不断增多；二是疏浚河道,利用河渠灌溉面积不断增大。此外,这一时期在河北还出现了商办的水利股份公司,开创了水利开发的新模式。农具投入方而,华北农户所使用的农具依然是中国几千年来的传统农具,“均各而不甚精美”。在制作材料上有所改善,多由本制改为铁制。出现了少量的新式农具,但没有得到普遍推广,未对农具的改革产生决定性的影响。肥料依然以农家肥为主,化肥得到引进和使用,但使用有限,影响甚微。优良的棉种和烟种的推广达到到了一定效果。农家牲畜依然短缺,尤其是大牲畜甚少,而且农户间的分配极不平衡,不仅影响农户的耕作,而且制约了农业的发展。农户消费方面,从衣、食、住各个方面的考察都表明农户依然仅处于温饱水平而已。维持生存的食物消费占据绝对比例,娱乐、教育、卫生等享受消费偏少甚至没有。农户普遍的贫困和资金的缺乏限制了农业生产资料的再投入,影响了农具、肥料、牲畜、水利设施的使用,农业生产水平难有提高。
[Abstract]:In the period of the Republic of China, the input and consumption of the means of production in North China have changed. In the construction of water conservancy and irrigation engineering, after the drought in North China in the 1920s, the government and the folk invested huge energy and financial resources to fight drought, and began to focus on the fundamental measures, the construction of water conservancy irrigation project ushered in a new period of development. One is the increasing number of agricultural irrigation wells and the other is dredging the river channel. In addition, this period also appeared in Hebei water conservancy joint-stock company, created a new model of water conservancy development. However, the farm tools used by farmers in North China are still the traditional tools for thousands of years in China, "all of them are not very exquisite." In the production of materials have been improved, more from this system to iron. A small number of new farm implements appeared, but they were not popularized and had no decisive influence on the reform of farm implements. Fertilizer is still mainly agricultural manure, fertilizer is introduced and used, but its use is limited and has little effect. The popularization of fine cotton seed and tobacco seed has achieved certain effect. There is still a shortage of farm livestock, especially the small number of large livestock, and the distribution among farmers is very unbalanced, which not only affects the farming of farmers, but also restricts the development of agriculture. In terms of household consumption, the inspection of clothing, food and housing shows that farmers are still only at the level of food and clothing. Subsistence food consumption accounts for an absolute proportion, entertainment, education, health and other enjoyment consumption is low or not. The widespread poverty of farmers and the lack of funds restrict the re-investment of agricultural means of production, affect the use of farm tools, fertilizers, livestock, water conservancy facilities, and the level of agricultural production is difficult to improve.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F329;K258
本文编号：2402872
[Abstract]:In the period of the Republic of China, the input and consumption of the means of production in North China have changed. In the construction of water conservancy and irrigation engineering, after the drought in North China in the 1920s, the government and the folk invested huge energy and financial resources to fight drought, and began to focus on the fundamental measures, the construction of water conservancy irrigation project ushered in a new period of development. One is the increasing number of agricultural irrigation wells and the other is dredging the river channel. In addition, this period also appeared in Hebei water conservancy joint-stock company, created a new model of water conservancy development. However, the farm tools used by farmers in North China are still the traditional tools for thousands of years in China, "all of them are not very exquisite." In the production of materials have been improved, more from this system to iron. A small number of new farm implements appeared, but they were not popularized and had no decisive influence on the reform of farm implements. Fertilizer is still mainly agricultural manure, fertilizer is introduced and used, but its use is limited and has little effect. The popularization of fine cotton seed and tobacco seed has achieved certain effect. There is still a shortage of farm livestock, especially the small number of large livestock, and the distribution among farmers is very unbalanced, which not only affects the farming of farmers, but also restricts the development of agriculture. In terms of household consumption, the inspection of clothing, food and housing shows that farmers are still only at the level of food and clothing. Subsistence food consumption accounts for an absolute proportion, entertainment, education, health and other enjoyment consumption is low or not. The widespread poverty of farmers and the lack of funds restrict the re-investment of agricultural means of production, affect the use of farm tools, fertilizers, livestock, water conservancy facilities, and the level of agricultural production is difficult to improve.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F329;K258
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，本文编号：2402872
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