赫德与晚清邮政的近代化

发布时间：2019-01-26 12:44

【摘要】：在古代中国,邮驿作为邮政的传统形式,是国家政治的附属品。它依赖政权而存在,随着国家政治的变化起伏而逐步发展。这使得传统邮政的社会属性没有得到充分展现。随着人类文明的演进,近代以来,邮政的职能逐渐转变,最终形成近代邮政的运行模式。近代邮政是由国家创办并专营的全国性机构,利用各种运输工具,以信息传递为目的的行业。它是人类社会从事生产活动和彼此交往不可或缺的基础设施,并且在近代世界的大变革中发挥了巨大的作用。赫德(1835～1911,Robert Hart)这位晚清历史上著名的洋雇员,一直对在中国开办近代邮政有着非常浓厚的兴趣。1861年初到北京时,他就向当时身居高位的恭亲王奕鐳细致地讲述了兴办全国性的新式邮政的重要性。之后,中国近代邮政事业,不论从海关代办、海关试办,还是大清邮政的正式建立,四十多年间一直都在赫德的掌控之下。对于在中国发展近代邮政,赫德一直遵循着一个原则,即小心谨慎、逐步发展。在大清国家邮政正式开办以后,赫德并没有因此而激进行事,依然为国家邮政制定了比较保守的发展模式。究其原因,是基于赫德对中国社会以及国内通讯系统现状的深刻观察和认识。此外,中国在晚清时期最终没有加入万国邮联与赫德是有着直接关系的,但也不能把责任全然推给赫德。赫德在晚清邮政近代化的过程中扮演着发起者、组织者和管理者的角色,他在很大程度上决定了晚清邮政的发展方向。虽然他的出发点是为本国的殖民主义事业而服务,但这是当时客观的历史条件决定的。他为晚清邮政近代化做出了巨大的贡献,甚至为近百年来我国邮政事业的快速发展奠定了结实的基础。
[Abstract]:In ancient China, post-post, as a traditional form of postal service, is a subsidiary of national politics. It depends on political power and exists, and gradually develops with the changes of national politics. This makes the social attribute of traditional postal service not fully displayed. With the evolution of human civilization, the function of postal service has gradually changed since modern times, and finally formed the operation mode of modern postal service. Modern postal service is a national organization established by the state, which uses various means of transportation to transmit information. It is an indispensable infrastructure for human society to engage in production activities and communicate with each other, and has played a great role in the great transformation of the modern world. Robert Hart, a famous foreign employee in the late Qing Dynasty, had always been very interested in opening modern postal services in China. When he arrived in Beijing in early 1861, He gave a detailed account of the importance of establishing a new national postal service to the then high-ranking Prince Yi radium. After that, China's modern postal service, whether from the customs agency, customs trial, or the official establishment of the Qing postal service, has been under Hurd's control for more than 40 years. For the development of modern postal service in China, Hurd has been following the principle of care and gradual development. After the official opening of National Post in the Qing Dynasty, Hurd did not act aggressively, and still made a more conservative development model for National Post. The reason is based on Hurd's profound observation and understanding of the current situation of Chinese society and domestic communication system. In addition, the fact that China did not join UPU in the late Qing Dynasty had a direct relationship with Hurd, but the responsibility could not be entirely passed on to Hurd. Hurd played the role of initiator organizer and manager in the process of modernization of post in late Qing Dynasty. To a great extent he decided the development direction of post in late Qing Dynasty. Although his starting point was to serve the cause of colonialism in his own country, it was determined by the objective historical conditions of the time. He made great contributions to the modernization of postal service in the late Qing Dynasty, and even laid a solid foundation for the rapid development of postal service in China in the past hundred years.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K256;F632.9

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