近代洪江古商城的经济社会变迁初探（1840-1949）
发布时间：2019-01-26 17:28
【摘要】：洪江古商城位于湘西雪峰山区,沅巫两水在此汇合,其西南有汇入沅水的清水江、舞水、渠水、巫水4条支流,上通云贵和广西。湘西及西南地区的木竹、桐油和其他土特产品用舟排水运洪江出售,经加工编排,再循沅江、下常德、经洞庭、达汉口,转销江浙沿海各地,然后,从长江中下游及沿海各埠运回食盐、棉花、布、百货等,转销湘西和贵州西南各县。在中国的传统社会,水运是南方最主要的运输方式,便利的水运条件,使得洪江成为东部沿海地区通往大西南的咽喉要地。早在明代万历年间,洪江就成为了初具规模的物资交易市场,抗战时期,大量难民来洪避难,洪江成为了抗战的大后方和湘西的政治、经济、文化中心,人口聚增至十余万,加上流动人口近二十余万,洪江处于鼎盛时期,有“小南京”、“小上海”、“小重庆”、“五省通衢”、“湘西明珠”、“西南大都会”等美称。在近代,西方侵略势力的渗入、不断的改革和革命运动、有识之士的推动以及洪江开放包容的传统商业文化促使洪江古商城在政治、经济、文化各个方面都发生了变迁。但由于封建势力的阻碍、政治的腐败、社会的动乱,洪江未能完成向近代社会的转型,也没有获取持续发展的动力,随着现代交通的出现,洪江的区域优势逐渐丧失,其繁荣也随着厚重的商铺大门关闭而悄然消逝。 本文首先论述古商城的形成条件和历史沿革,形成条件既有区位优势等自然条件,也有民族融合、历史机遇等人文社会条件；其次,论述近代洪江古商城经济地位,它是东部沿海与西南地区进行商业贸易的桥梁和湘西及西南地区的商业重镇,同时又是湘西的近代工业和金融汇兑中心,除此之外,传统手工业和钱庄业也比较发达和繁盛；再次论述了洪江古商城的社会经济变迁,表现在政治、经济、文化、社会生活等方面；最后论述洪江古商城走向衰落和导致其走向衰落的主要因素,这些因素包括了政治的黑暗、社会的动荡不安、现代交通的出现、工业基础的缺乏、腐朽落后文化的阻碍等；在文章最后作一个小结,对洪江古商城的变迁及衰落进行反思,得出的经验教训有：第一,一个商业城市要想获得持久发展的动力,不能仅仅依靠天然的区位优势,还需要发达的工业作为物质基础；第二,一个商业城市的发展需要开放包容、开拓进取、不断创新的精神作为支撑。第三,商业的发展需要有稳定和宽松的社会政治环境；第四,要想商业持续发展,要大力发展经济,缩小收入差距,提升社会整体的购买力；第五,怀化要利用古商城区位优势转入的机遇加快发展。
[Abstract]:Hongjiang Ancient Mall is located in the Xuefeng Mountain area of Xiangxi, where the two waters of Yuan and Wu converge. In the southwest of Hongjiang, there are four tributaries of Qingshui River, Musui, canal water, wushu water, Shangtong Yungui and Guangxi. Wood bamboo, tung oil and other local products in western Hunan and southwestern China are sold by boat drainage to Hong Jiang, then processed and arranged, followed by Yuanjiang River, Xiafangde, through Dongting, reaching Hankou, sold to all coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and then sold to various places along the coast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. From the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and coastal ports back to salt, cotton, cloth, department stores and so on, exported to western Hunan and southwest Guizhou counties. In the traditional society of China, water transportation is the most important mode of transportation in the south, and the convenient water transportation conditions make Hongjiang a vital place for the eastern coastal areas to reach the southwest. As early as the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Hongjiang became the first large-scale material trading market. During the War of Resistance against Japan, a large number of refugees came to Hong for refuge. Hongjiang became the political, economic and cultural center of the war of resistance and the political, economic and cultural center of the war, and the population gathered to more than 100,000. With a floating population of nearly 200,000, Hongjiang is in its heyday. It is known as "Little Nanjing", "Little Shanghai", "Little Chongqing", "Quzhou of five provinces", "Pearl of Western Hunan", "Southwest Metropolitan City" and so on. In modern times, the infiltration of western invading forces, the constant reform and revolutionary movement, the promotion of the people of insight and the open and tolerant traditional commercial culture of Hongjiang have led to the changes in politics, economy and culture of Hongjiang Ancient Mall. However, due to the hindrance of feudal forces, political corruption and social unrest, Hongjiang failed to complete the transformation to modern society, nor did it obtain the motive force for sustained development. With the emergence of modern transportation, Hongjiang's regional advantage was gradually lost. Its prosperity also with heavy shops closed doors and quietly disappear. This paper first discusses the formation conditions and historical evolution of the ancient mall, forming conditions not only natural conditions, such as regional advantages, but also ethnic integration, historical opportunities and other humanistic social conditions; Secondly, it discusses the economic status of Hongjiang Ancient Mall in modern times, which is the bridge between the eastern coast and the southwest region for commercial trade and the commercial important town in the west and southwest of Hunan, and it is also the modern industrial and financial exchange center of the west of Hunan, in addition, it is also the center of modern industry and financial exchange in the west of Hunan. The traditional handicraft industry and the money bank industry are also relatively developed and prosperous; Once again, it discusses the social and economic changes of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, which are manifested in politics, economy, culture, social life and so on. Finally, it discusses the main factors leading to the decline of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, which include the darkness of politics, the unrest of society, the appearance of modern traffic, the lack of industrial foundation, the obstruction of decadent and backward culture, etc. At the end of the article, I make a summary, reflect on the changes and decline of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, and draw the following lessons: first, if a commercial city wants to obtain the motive force of sustainable development, it can not only rely on its natural location advantage. There is also a need for developed industry as the material basis; Second, the development of a commercial city needs to be open and inclusive, pioneering and innovative spirit as the support. Third, the development of business needs a stable and relaxed social and political environment; fourth, to sustainable development of business, we should vigorously develop the economy, narrow the income gap, and enhance the purchasing power of the society as a whole; Fifth, Huaihua should take advantage of the location advantages of the ancient mall to accelerate the development of opportunities.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25;F299.29
本文编号：2415720
[Abstract]:Hongjiang Ancient Mall is located in the Xuefeng Mountain area of Xiangxi, where the two waters of Yuan and Wu converge. In the southwest of Hongjiang, there are four tributaries of Qingshui River, Musui, canal water, wushu water, Shangtong Yungui and Guangxi. Wood bamboo, tung oil and other local products in western Hunan and southwestern China are sold by boat drainage to Hong Jiang, then processed and arranged, followed by Yuanjiang River, Xiafangde, through Dongting, reaching Hankou, sold to all coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and then sold to various places along the coast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. From the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and coastal ports back to salt, cotton, cloth, department stores and so on, exported to western Hunan and southwest Guizhou counties. In the traditional society of China, water transportation is the most important mode of transportation in the south, and the convenient water transportation conditions make Hongjiang a vital place for the eastern coastal areas to reach the southwest. As early as the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Hongjiang became the first large-scale material trading market. During the War of Resistance against Japan, a large number of refugees came to Hong for refuge. Hongjiang became the political, economic and cultural center of the war of resistance and the political, economic and cultural center of the war, and the population gathered to more than 100,000. With a floating population of nearly 200,000, Hongjiang is in its heyday. It is known as "Little Nanjing", "Little Shanghai", "Little Chongqing", "Quzhou of five provinces", "Pearl of Western Hunan", "Southwest Metropolitan City" and so on. In modern times, the infiltration of western invading forces, the constant reform and revolutionary movement, the promotion of the people of insight and the open and tolerant traditional commercial culture of Hongjiang have led to the changes in politics, economy and culture of Hongjiang Ancient Mall. However, due to the hindrance of feudal forces, political corruption and social unrest, Hongjiang failed to complete the transformation to modern society, nor did it obtain the motive force for sustained development. With the emergence of modern transportation, Hongjiang's regional advantage was gradually lost. Its prosperity also with heavy shops closed doors and quietly disappear. This paper first discusses the formation conditions and historical evolution of the ancient mall, forming conditions not only natural conditions, such as regional advantages, but also ethnic integration, historical opportunities and other humanistic social conditions; Secondly, it discusses the economic status of Hongjiang Ancient Mall in modern times, which is the bridge between the eastern coast and the southwest region for commercial trade and the commercial important town in the west and southwest of Hunan, and it is also the modern industrial and financial exchange center of the west of Hunan, in addition, it is also the center of modern industry and financial exchange in the west of Hunan. The traditional handicraft industry and the money bank industry are also relatively developed and prosperous; Once again, it discusses the social and economic changes of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, which are manifested in politics, economy, culture, social life and so on. Finally, it discusses the main factors leading to the decline of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, which include the darkness of politics, the unrest of society, the appearance of modern traffic, the lack of industrial foundation, the obstruction of decadent and backward culture, etc. At the end of the article, I make a summary, reflect on the changes and decline of Hongjiang Ancient Mall, and draw the following lessons: first, if a commercial city wants to obtain the motive force of sustainable development, it can not only rely on its natural location advantage. There is also a need for developed industry as the material basis; Second, the development of a commercial city needs to be open and inclusive, pioneering and innovative spirit as the support. Third, the development of business needs a stable and relaxed social and political environment; fourth, to sustainable development of business, we should vigorously develop the economy, narrow the income gap, and enhance the purchasing power of the society as a whole; Fifth, Huaihua should take advantage of the location advantages of the ancient mall to accelerate the development of opportunities.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25;F299.29
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