时局变换与民生公司的兴衰（1925-1949年）

发布时间：2019-03-04 10:34

【摘要】：民生实业股份有限公司是近代中国的一个大型航运企业,更是当时影响巨大的一个资本集团。公司的主要创始人卢作孚被毛泽东誉为近代中国的四大实业家之一。公司成立于百业萧条的近代四川军阀混战时期,在短短十年间就垄断了川江航运,发展成为中国近代最大的民营航运企业,其实力已接近经营了六十多年的轮船招商局。其发展速度和效益都令人瞩目。在抗战时期,民生公司承担了大部分后撤和支前的运输任务,成为战时后方航运的主力。同时,公司也在抗战期间广泛的向钢铁、机器、煤炭、造船等各个行业投资,发展成为具有一定影响力的资本集团。在抗战胜利后,民生公司还积极发展海洋航运,拓展了沿海航线,开辟了远洋航线,航运势力到达日本和东南亚各国。本文主要从政治学角度出发,以近代中国和四川地区的政治环境入手,详细论述了时局的变迁、政府政策的变化与民生公司兴衰之间的关系。公司创业初期,由于地方军阀的有力支持,公司迅速发展壮大,通过“化零为整”统一了川江航运,并在短时间内发展成为川江航业中最大的华轮公司。抗战时期,国民政府迁都重庆,大力推行建设大后方战略。政策上的倾斜和经济上的扶持对民生公司的发展起了推动作用,而公司也在抗战中支前和后撤的人员物资运输方面为国家做出了巨大的贡献。内战全面爆发后,由于战争对公司业务的破坏,国民党政府的盘剥,官僚资本对公司的打压,以及公司内部劳资关系的恶化,使得民生公司内外交困,最终步入绝境,卢作孚本人实业救国的理想也彻底破灭。以民生公司为个案,通过对公司发展历程的分析,得出了近代中国民营企业的生存之路。第一,国家政治局势的变迁和政策的变化对近代民营企业的兴衰具有决定性的影响。第二,近代中国民营企业的兴起与壮大往往需要政治力量的支持,但同时,政治力量也是民营企业持续发展的障碍。最后,从民生公司的兴衰演变中得出,只有国家统一,政治环境稳定,以及国家建立健全的法治环境,民营企业才能获得持久的生存和发展。
[Abstract]:Minsheng Industrial Co., Ltd., a large shipping enterprise in modern China, was a capital group with great influence at that time. Lu Zuofu, the company's main founder, was hailed by Mao Zedong as one of the four industrialists of modern China. The company was founded during the mired war of modern Sichuan warlords in the depression of all industries, monopolized the river shipping in just ten years, developed into the largest private shipping enterprise in modern China, and its strength has been close to the ship Merchants Bureau which has operated for more than 60 years. Its development speed and benefits are remarkable. During the Anti-Japanese War, Minsheng took on most of the evacuation and pre-support transportation tasks, and became the main force of rear shipping in wartime. At the same time, during the Anti-Japanese War, the company also extensively invested in various industries such as steel, machinery, coal, shipbuilding and so on, and developed into a certain influential capital group. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Minsheng also actively developed maritime shipping, expanded coastal routes, opened up ocean routes, shipping forces arrived in Japan and Southeast Asian countries. From the point of view of political science, this paper discusses in detail the relationship between the change of current situation, the change of government policy and the rise and fall of Minsheng Company, based on the political environment in modern China and Sichuan. In the early stage of starting a business, due to the strong support of local warlords, the company developed rapidly. It unified the river shipping through "turning zero into integral", and became the largest Hualun company in Chuanjiang navigation industry in a short period of time. During the Anti-Japanese War, the national government moved the capital of Chongqing and vigorously carried out the strategy of building the rear area. The policy tilt and economic support played an important role in promoting the development of Minsheng Company, and the company also made a great contribution to the country in the transportation of personnel and materials before and after the Anti-Japanese War. After the civil war broke out in an all-out way, due to the destruction of the company's business by the war, the exploitation of the Kuomintang government, the crackdown on the company by bureaucratic capital, and the deterioration of the company's internal labour relations, the Minsheng company was trapped at home and abroad, and eventually entered a desperate state. Lu Zuofu himself industrial salvation ideal is also completely shattered. Taking Minsheng Company as an example, through the analysis of the development process of the company, the author draws a conclusion on the survival of the private enterprises in modern China. First, the change of national political situation and policy had a decisive influence on the rise and fall of private enterprises in modern times. Second, the rise and growth of private enterprises in modern China often need the support of political forces, but at the same time, political forces are also obstacles to the sustainable development of private enterprises. Finally, from the rise and fall of Minsheng Company, it is concluded that only national unity, stable political environment, and the establishment of a sound legal environment, private enterprises can achieve lasting survival and development.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F279.29;K258

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