晚清主流意识形态危机和道统之断裂——以废科举为中心的考察

发布时间：2019-07-23 10:53

【摘要】：科举制度确立后,遂成为国家主流意识形态的一个重要场域,承载并连接了文化、教育、政治、社会等多方面的功能,确保了儒学道统的绵延不绝。但晚清以来,面对西方的入侵和西学东渐,这一场域不仅出现了内部的分化,更面临场域外各种因素的挑战,而场域外的挑战又进一步促进了场域内对抗因素的成长。1905年的废科举则使主流意识形态场域崩塌,儒学因此失去了寄身之所,延续了两千余年的道统因此断裂。而道统是中国古代政治合法性的重要标志,也是社会秩序赖以维系的思想基础。中国不是宗教国家,道统更是承担着塑造共同价值观、凝聚社会共识、调整社会秩序的多重功能。因此,道统的断裂必然会导致政统的失序和社会的动荡。其影响甚至至今犹存。
[Abstract]:After the establishment of imperial examination system, it has become an important field of national mainstream ideology, carrying and connecting the functions of culture, education, politics, society and so on, which ensures the continuity of Confucianism and Taoism. However, since the late Qing Dynasty, in the face of the invasion of the West and the eastward spread of western learning, this field has not only appeared internal differentiation, but also faced the challenges of various factors outside the field, and the challenges outside the field have further promoted the growth of antagonistic factors in the field. The abolition of the imperial examination in 1905 made the mainstream ideology field collapse, Confucianism lost its place of refuge, and lasted for more than 2,000 years. Taoism is not only an important symbol of political legitimacy in ancient China, but also the ideological basis for the maintenance of social order. China is not a religious country, but also undertakes the multiple functions of shaping common values, building social consensus and adjusting social order. Therefore, the fracture of Taoist system will inevitably lead to the disorder of political unity and social unrest. Its influence even exists to this day.
【作者单位】：天津社会科学院历史研究所;
【基金】：2012年度中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目《晚明科举、话语权力与文化场域:以坊刻举业用书为中心》(2012T50603) 天津社会科学院重点研究(应急)课题《中国梦的生成逻辑及其与中国特色社会主义统一性研究》的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K252

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