何为新疆？-二十世纪三、四十年代“新疆认知”之主要内容与特征

发布时间：2017-12-27 03:16

本文关键词：何为新疆？-二十世纪三、四十年代“新疆认知”之主要内容与特征　出处：《中央民族大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文在广泛参阅国内外研究成果的基础上,以民国时期有关新疆论著及期刊文献为主要材料,试图对二十世纪三、四十年代“新疆认知”问题做一初步的整理和分析研究。全文约十万言,除绪论和结语外共分五个部分,主要内容如下：一、关于新疆战略地位的认识。二十世纪三、四十年代“新疆认知”的首要内容,就是关于新疆战略地位问题的认识。它一方面依旧继承了左氏“中国国防重点在西北”的传统思想,另一方面无论是在视角上还是在内容上都有很大的进步和发展。其主要包括两方面的内容,一是强调新疆战略地位的重要性,即新疆是“西北之中枢”、“中国之门户”、“亚洲之中心”；二是如何加强新疆战略防卫问题,包括改良政治、建设现代交通、经济开发等。二、关于新疆政治问题。这是二十世纪三、四十年代“新疆认知”中第二个主要内容,一方面是关于当时新疆政治现状的认知,包括新疆半独立政治割据格局、吏治腐败、军队涣散、战乱频繁等,另一方面是关于如何解决这些问题的主张与方案,包括武力剿抚、政治宣慰、开发建设等。三、多民族之新疆即关于新疆民族问题的认识,是二十世纪三、四十年代“新疆认知”的第三个主要内容,具体有三个方面：一是多民族新疆成为共识；二是关于新疆民族关系的认识趋于平实、理性化；三是解决新疆民族问题的认识更加全面系统。四、二十世纪三、四十年代“新疆认知”的第四个内容是关于新疆文化教育问题的认知。主要认为新疆文化教育落后,民智不启,是新疆诸多问题产生的重要原因之一,同时对新疆社会文化教育问题进行反思,提出诸如发展新疆教育以解决民族问题、巩固国防等等。五、开发建设新疆,是二十世纪三、四十年代“新疆认知”的第五个主要内容。在时人看来,中国的希望在西北,而西北的核心则在新疆,开发和建设新疆势在必行。其开发新疆的方案主要有建设交通,移民垦殖,发展教育,开发新疆之农业、畜牧、林业、采矿业、纺织业、商业等等,这些方案相互交错,互为联系,但其前提是打破新疆政治独立之下的开发新疆,其目是防止新疆独立,巩固西北国防,以永保新疆为中国之国土。总之,二十世纪三、四十年代“新疆认知”内容全面系统,是中国近代边疆民族问题认识史上的重要阶段和主要组成部分,是近代中国面临内外部双重危机之下关于新疆问题认知的历史反映,其总体特征是这一时代背景下的关于新疆问题的应对与想像。
[Abstract]:Based on the extensive research results at home and abroad, taking the Xinjiang literature and periodical literature in the Republic of China as the main materials, this paper tries to make a preliminary collation and analysis of the "Xinjiang cognition" issue in three and 40s twentieth Century. The full text of about one hundred thousand words, in addition to the introduction and conclusion of a total of five parts, the main contents are as follows: first, on the understanding of the strategic status of Xinjiang. The first content of "Xinjiang cognition" in three and 40s twentieth Century is the understanding of the strategic status of Xinjiang. On the one hand, it still inherited the traditional thought of Zuo's "national defense in Northwest China". On the other hand, it has made great progress both in perspective and content. It mainly includes two aspects, one is the importance of the strategic position of Xinjiang, Xinjiang is the "Northwest Center", "Chinese gateway", "Asian center"; two is to strengthen Xinjiang's strategic defense, including the improvement of politics and the construction of modern transportation, economic development. Two. On the political issues of Xinjiang. This is the three in twentieth Century 40s, "Xinjiang cognitive" in the second main contents, one is about the time of Xinjiang's political cognitive status, including the Xinjiang semi independent political separatism pattern, corrupt officials and military, frequent wars, on the other hand is advocated and scheme about how to resolve these problems, including the use of force to destroy Fu Xuanwei, political development and construction, etc.. Three, national Xinjiang is on Xinjiang national awareness of the problem, in twentieth Century three, 40s Xinjiang "cognitive" third main contents, including three aspects: one is the multi nationality in Xinjiang has become a consensus; two is the understanding of ethnic relations in Xinjiang plain, tends to be rational; three is to solve the ethnic problems in Xinjiang a more comprehensive system. Four, twentieth Century, three, 40s, "Xinjiang cognition" of the fourth content of the Xinjiang cultural and educational issues. The main thought of Xinjiang culture and education is backward, people do not open, is one of the important causes of many problems in Xinjiang, and Reflection on Xinjiang cultural and social education problems, put forward such as development of education in Xinjiang to solve the ethnic problems, consolidating national defense and so on. Five. The development and construction of Xinjiang is the fifth main content of "Xinjiang cognition" in three and 40s twentieth Century. In the view of the people of time, China's hope is in the northwest, while the core of the northwest is in Xinjiang. It is imperative to develop and build Xinjiang. The development scheme of Xinjiang main building traffic, immigration cultivation, development of education, the development of Xinjiang agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, mining industry, textile industry, business and so on, these solutions are mutually staggered, contact with each other, but the premise is to break the development of Xinjiang under the political independence of Xinjiang, its purpose is to prevent Xinjiang independence, consolidate in order to keep the national defense in the northwest, Xinjiang to the land of China. In twentieth Century, three, 40s "Xinjiang cognitive" comprehensive system is China modern borderland ethnic problems understanding the history of the important phase and the main parts, is the modern crisis and China under the Ministry on the issue of Xinjiang is reflected in the history of cognitive, their general characteristics are coping with imagination concerning the Xinjiang issue in the background the.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K29

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