民国时期西康边茶贸易及其意义

发布时间：2018-02-22 17:50

本文关键词： 民国时期(1911-1949) 西康边茶贸易以茶驭边　出处：《四川师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： “边茶”,又称为“边销茶”、“藏茶”等,由于曾为促进内地与藏区的贸易发展起到了无与伦比的作用,在铸就汉藏民族团结的历史进程中一直扮演着十分重要的角色,边茶也因此被赋予了更多的政治属性,被历朝统治者视为政治商品,“有政治上、国防上的重大作用”。以茶为基础的汉藏贸易除了为汉藏人民带来了生活的互惠,早已超越了单纯的经济贸易层面,全面深入到汉藏两地社会、政治、文化等各领域,大大加深了汉藏两族人民的感情,从而也为历代中央政府的治藏打下了坚实的基础。由茶马互市发展而来的以茶驭边的经边策略更是贯穿于宋、元、明、清四朝中央政府对藏区有效的管辖与统治之中。民国以来,由于国外帝国主义的觊觎,国内政局动荡,战乱频繁,西藏地方与祖国内地的经济往来受到一定的影响。但是,西藏、西康地方的羊毛?兽皮?麝香等土特产仍源源不断输往内地,同时,西康?川滇等地茶叶也仍然是西藏同胞日常生活必需品,只是内地无论城市还是农村均遭到严重的破坏,边茶业也因之受到严重摧残。边茶产量和质量持续下降,印茶趁机利用价格低廉,交通便利等优势打入西藏市场。由于边茶在汉藏政治经济联系以及在国计民生中的地位,边茶衰落所造成的危机也进一步加剧了汉藏政治经济大局的危机。民国时期(1911-1949)政府当局鉴于边茶业日趋衰败的现状,在晚清张荫棠、赵尔丰等人整顿边茶的基础之上,对边茶实施了进一步的改良,但由于战乱频仍,社会动荡,振兴边茶的种种措施缺乏实施的稳定环境,加之政府的本身腐败,昧于经营,对边茶业巧取豪夺,边茶没能出现振兴的迹象。但这些尝试和努力仍给后人振兴边茶提供了有益的借鉴。本文将对以上民国时期的边茶生产与贸易史、以茶驭边政策,作一考察,进行一番史实复原及解读。
[Abstract]:"Border tea", also known as "border tea" and "Tibetan tea", has played an unparalleled role in the historical process of building the unity of the Han and Tibetan nationalities because it has played an unparalleled role in promoting the development of trade between the mainland and the Tibetan region. As a result, Bian Tea was given more political attributes and was regarded as a political commodity by the rulers of the successive dynasties. "there is a great role in politics and national defense." the Sino-Tibetan trade, which is based on tea, has brought benefits to the lives of the Chinese and Tibetan people. It has already gone beyond the level of pure economic and trade, comprehensively penetrated into the social, political, cultural and other fields of the Han and Tibetan communities, and greatly deepened the feelings of the people of the Han and Tibetan communities. It also laid a solid foundation for the control of Tibet by the central government of the past dynasties. The strategy of controlling the border with tea developed from the exchange of tea and horse ran through the effective jurisdiction and rule of the central government of the Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasties over the Tibetan area in the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Since the Republic of China, due to foreign imperialist coveting, domestic political instability, frequent war, Tibet and the mainland of the country's economic exchanges have been affected to a certain extent. However, Tibet, Xikang local wool? Hide? Local products such as musk continue to be exported to the mainland, while Xikang? Sichuan-Yunnan and other places also remain daily necessities of life for Tibetan compatriots. However, the inland areas, both urban and rural, have been severely damaged, and the edge tea industry has also been severely damaged. The production and quality of tea at the edge of the border have continued to decline. Indian tea takes advantage of the advantages of low prices and convenient transportation to enter the Tibetan market. Because of the position of border tea in the political and economic ties between Han and Tibet and in the national economy and people's livelihood, The crisis caused by the decline of border tea has further aggravated the crisis of the political and economic situation of Han and Tibet. In view of the declining situation of the Bian tea industry, the government authorities, on the basis of the rectification of Bian Tea by Zhang Yin-tang and Zhao Erfeng in the late Qing Dynasty, implemented further improvements to the Bian Tea, but because of the frequent war, the society was in turmoil. The lack of a stable environment for the implementation of the various measures to revitalize the Bian Tea, coupled with the corruption of the government itself, makes it impossible to operate and extorts money from the border tea industry. There is no sign of rejuvenation in Bian tea, but these attempts and efforts still provide useful reference for future generations. In this paper, the history of border tea production and trade in the period of the Republic of China, the policy of controlling the edge of tea, will be investigated, and the historical facts will be restored and interpreted.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F752.9;F426.82;K297

【引证文献】