马仲英与“哈密事变”集团关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 01:36

本文关键词： 马仲英哈密事变集团联盟关系　出处：《新疆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马仲英与“哈密事变”集团是20世纪30年代前期活跃于新疆政治舞台上的两股重要力量。1931年新疆发生了反抗金树仁残暴统治的“哈密事变”，同年夏天，甘肃军阀马仲英在甘肃军阀混战中被其堂兄马步芳击败，退往关外三县，鉴于向东发展困难重重，马仲英便趁新疆战乱之际率兵入新，企图在新疆获得发展。马仲英进入新疆后，与“哈密事变”集团结成联盟，合力抗击金树仁的省军，他们的第一次结盟沉重地打击了金树仁的省军，使金树仁的统治基础开始动摇。但是，双方在对金树仁的作战过程中，因为战利品分配问题产生了矛盾与摩擦。1931年秋，负伤在身的马仲英迫于内外压力率兵撤回甘肃，马仲英与“哈密事变”集团的第一次联盟正式结束。 1932年秋，新疆战火再起，马仲英应尧乐博斯等人的邀请，，先后派马世民、马全禄、马赫英等入新助战，马仲英与“哈密事变”集团的第二次联盟正式建立。其后，马世民、马全禄等人帮助起义军扩大暴动范围。1932年底吐鲁番农民起义爆发后，起义军首领又派人邀请马仲英亲自出关。1933年3月，马仲英率万余众第二次入新。马仲英入新后势如破竹，金树仁政权在马仲英和新疆起义军的压力下发生了“四·一二”政变，金树仁倒台。但是，在马仲英与“哈密事变”集团的第二次结盟过程中，结盟双方由于政治目标的不同、战利品的争夺、外部势力的离间等原因致使联盟最终破裂，双方兵戎相见、互相攻击。马仲英与“哈密事变”集团的两次结盟及联盟的演变分化，对20世纪30年代的新疆政局、经济、民族关系等方面产生了广泛而深刻的影响。本文认为，马仲英与“哈密事变”集团的结盟，是双方出于各自的斗争和发展需要结成的短暂的松散型联盟。因此，随着斗争形势的发展，由于结盟双方政治目标的不同以及外部势力的离间分化，联盟的最终破裂是必然的。联盟的形成虽然有力地打击了金树仁在新疆的残暴统治，但是由于结盟之初双方以伊斯兰教相号召，联盟破裂后，结盟双方又相互攻击。因此，无论是结盟期间的一致抗金，还是联盟破裂后的相互攻击，都加剧了新疆各民族之间的相互敌对与仇视，使本来就复杂的新疆民族矛盾雪上加霜。马仲英与“哈密事变”集团之间关系的演变并没有为新疆社会带来和平与安定，而是进一步加剧了民国时期新疆政局的动荡、经济的衰退、人员的伤亡与民族关系的恶化，为民国新疆社会带来了严重的灾难。
[Abstract]:Ma Zhongying and the Hami incident Group were two important forces active on the political stage of Xinjiang in early 1930s. In 1931, the Hami incident against Jin Shuren's brutal rule took place in Xinjiang, and in the summer of the same year, Ma Zhongying, the Gansu warlord, was defeated by his cousin Ma Bufang in the melee of Gansu warlords and retreated to the three counties of Guanwai. In view of the difficulties facing the eastward development, Ma Zhongying took advantage of the war in Xinjiang to lead his troops into the new place. After entering Xinjiang, Ma Zhongying formed an alliance with the "Hami incident" group to work together against Jin Shuren's provincial troops. Their first alliance severely hit Jin Shuren's provincial troops. Kim Shu-jen 's ruling foundation began to waver. However, in the course of fighting against Kim Su-jen, there were contradictions and frictions between the two sides because of the distribution of spoils. In the autumn of 1931, Ma Zhongying, who was wounded in the fall, was forced to withdraw to Gansu Province under internal and external pressure. Ma Zhongying and Hami incident Group's first alliance officially ended. In the autumn of 1932, at the invitation of Yao Lebos and others, Ma Zhongying sent Ma Shimin, Ma Quanlu and Ma Hying into the new war, and the second alliance between Ma Zhongying and the "Hami incident" group was formally established. Later, Ma Shimin, After the uprising broke out in Turpan at the end of 1932, the leader of the Rebellion sent people to invite Ma Zhongying to go out in person. In March 1933, Ma Zhongying led more than 10,000 people to enter the country for the second time. Under the pressure of Ma Zhongying and the Xinjiang Rebellion, the Kim Shu-jen regime took place under the pressure of the "April 12" coup and the fall of Kim Shu-jen. However, during the second alliance between Ma Zhongying and the "Hami incident" group, the two sides in the alliance had different political goals. As a result of the competition for trophies and the separation of external forces, the alliance finally broke down, and the two sides fought each other and attacked each other. The two alliances between Ma Zhongying and the Hami incident Group and the evolution and division of the alliance, on the political situation of Xinjiang in 1930s, Economic, ethnic relations and other aspects of the extensive and profound impact. This paper holds that the alliance between Ma Zhongying and the Hami incident Group is a brief loose alliance formed by both sides out of their own struggle and development needs. Therefore, with the development of the struggle situation, Because of the differences in political objectives between the two sides of the alliance and the division of external forces, it is inevitable that the alliance will eventually break down. Although the formation of the alliance has effectively dealt a blow to Kim Shu-jen 's brutal rule in Xinjiang, But since the two sides called for Islam at the beginning of the alliance and the alliance broke down, both sides attacked each other. Therefore, whether it was a unanimous resistance during the alliance or an attack on each other after the alliance broke, They have intensified the mutual hostility and hatred among the various ethnic groups in Xinjiang, adding to the already complicated ethnic contradictions in Xinjiang. The evolution of relations between Ma Zhongying and the Hami incident Group has not brought peace and stability to Xinjiang society. However, it further intensifies the political instability, economic decline, casualties and the deterioration of ethnic relations in Xinjiang during the period of the Republic of China, which has brought a serious disaster to the society of Xinjiang during the Republic of China.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K29

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