元明清三代治理甘青多民族走廊之比较

发布时间：2018-03-03 13:16

本文选题：元明清　切入点：甘青多民族走廊　出处：《中国边疆史地研究》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：元、明、清三代对于甘青多民族地区军政治理的方式不尽相同,但导致不同的原因大体可归纳为国力强弱与民族观指导下的民族政策两大方面。就国力强弱而言,元、清两朝的国力远在明朝之上,所以根本不需要将甘青多民族走廊当作屏障。元、清两朝的甘青多民族走廊呈现更多的是一个管理带或文化带。相反,明代国力较弱,只能依托农牧分界线,将甘青多民族走廊建设成为一个军事防御带,借助农业的天然属性打造产业强边体系。就民族观而言,元、清两朝的统治者虽然也存在民族歧视,但并不积极提倡民族同化,而明朝统治者一方面热衷于用汉化手段对周边少数民族进行管理,所谓"以华化夷";另一方面当无法对周边少数民族进行直接管理时,又常常用民族隔离带的方式将不同民族人为割裂,造成民族对立,所谓"以华制夷"。
[Abstract]:The three dynasties of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties had different ways of administering military and political affairs in the multi-ethnic areas of Gansu and Qinghai, but the different reasons can be summed up as two major aspects: national strength and national policy under the guidance of national outlook. As far as the strength of national strength is concerned, Yuan, The national strength of the Qing and Qing dynasties was far above that of the Ming Dynasty, so there was no need to regard the Ganqing-Qing multi-ethnic Corridor as a barrier at all. In Yuan and Qing dynasties, the multi-national corridor between the Qing and the Qing dynasties was more of a management belt or a cultural belt. On the contrary, the national strength of the Ming Dynasty was relatively weak. We can only rely on the demarcation line between agriculture and pasturage, build a multi-ethnic corridor between Gansu and Qinghai into a military defense zone, and build a strong industrial border system with the help of the natural attributes of agriculture. As far as the national outlook is concerned, although the rulers of the Yuan and Qing dynasties also have ethnic discrimination, However, they did not actively advocate national assimilation. On the one hand, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty were keen to manage the surrounding ethnic minorities by means of Sinicization, which was called "Hua Hua Yi"; on the other hand, when it was impossible to directly manage the surrounding ethnic minorities, They often use the way of national separation to separate different ethnic groups, resulting in ethnic antagonism, so-called "the Chinese system of barbarians."
【作者单位】：兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心;
【基金】：2016年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“西北少数民族社会发展与创新治理中的向心运动研究”之子项目(教社科司函[2016]205号)
【分类号】：K28

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