妈祖信仰的起源及其在山东地区传播史研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 21:22

本文选题：妈祖信仰　切入点：起源　出处：《山东大学》2006年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：妈祖信仰目前已经形成了一个覆盖中国南北及国内外的“妈祖信仰文化圈”。但是，当前的妈祖文化研究却出现了一种“南热北冷”现象：对闽粤台港澳等地区的妈祖信仰研究格外重视，对广大北方的妈祖信仰研究则远远不够。山东是妈祖信仰向北方传播的一个重要中转站。然而，自上世纪20年代展开了对妈祖文化的研究之后，“妈祖信仰在山东的传播”这一课题，只有李献璋的《妈祖信仰研究》一书的不足2000字的研究成果。对此姑且不论。后之研究者由于不能正确地理解和运用有关山东妈祖信仰的原始文献，在认识上反而不及李献璋先生。例如妈祖信仰传入山东的时间、地点问题，他已经考证出是在元代延yP元年(1314)传到成山头的，但是近年来的很多研究者竟认为：蓬莱阁天后宫、庙岛显应宫分别是建于宋徽宗朝、宣和四年(1122)的妈祖庙。笔者亦曾一度受此误导，幸在导师的指导下，通过反复研讨，从而对这一课题作出了新的探索，确定在本论文里主要解决这样一些问题：考察妈祖信仰是在何时传播到山东、又如何在山东沿海、内陆地区展开进一步传播的。论文的基本思路是：首先对妈祖信仰的起源与传播史作了综论，并对妈祖“林氏女”之出身说作了重新阐释。其次，对“宋代山东有无建有妈祖庙”问题作了新的考证。然后，梳理了山东妈祖信仰在元、明、清的传播诸问题。具体到章节安排上，屡做调整，最后定为6章。在第一章《妈祖信仰的起源与传播史研究综论》中，首先对妈祖、妈祖文化及其研究史、传播史作了综述与回顾，然后就妈祖“林氏女”之出身说的形成问题作了分析批判，最后以表格形式将妈祖的历代敕封情况及其世系作了整理。这一章，，既对学术史、研究前沿和一些重要研究成果作了交待，又提出了个人的一些看法。笔者认为：妈祖之所以能够由一民间女巫上升为国家正神，妈祖信仰之所以能够风靡全国，与历代朝廷、地方和民间社会的共同努力分不开。这是中国社会造神运动成功之一例。自宣和五年(1123)妈祖首封之后，妈祖信仰就成为了官方的信仰，其传说故事的记载和流传，妈祖“林氏女”出身说法的“钦定”以及对其“护国庇民”大神通的强调，既是统治阶级别有用心的“神道设教”，又是官方主流意识形态(儒家)为妈祖“正名”的社会干预和引导。第二章《山东妈祖庙的地理分布》，侧重从地理的角度对本课题予以探讨。海
[Abstract]:Ma Zu's belief has now formed a cultural circle covering the north and south of China, as well as at home and abroad. However, However, there is a phenomenon of "cold in the south and cold in the north" in the study of Ma Zu's culture at present: the study on the beliefs of Ma Zu in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao is especially important, but it is far from enough in the study of the beliefs of Ma Zu in the vast North. Shandong is an important transit station for Ma Zu's belief to spread to the north. However, since -80s, when the study of Ma Zu culture was carried out, the subject of "the spread of Ma Zu belief in Shandong," Only Li Xianzhang's "study of Ma Zu's belief" has less than 2,000 words of research results. However, the latter researchers are unable to correctly understand and use the original documents about the belief of Ma Zu in Shandong Province. On the contrary, it is not as good as Mr. Li Xianzhang. For example, the question of the time and place when Ma Zu's faith was introduced into Shandong, which he has already verified, was spread to Chengshan in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty. However, in recent years, many researchers have even thought that the Penglai Pavilion, the Temple of Tin Hou, Temple Island Xianying Palace was built in the Song Dynasty, Xuanhe four years of Mazu Temple. The author was once misled by this. Fortunately, under the guidance of his mentor and through repeated discussions, he made a new exploration of the subject, and determined that in this paper, the main solution was to solve such problems: to investigate when Ma Zu's faith spread to Shandong, And how to spread it further in the coastal and inland areas of Shandong. The basic ideas of this paper are: firstly, the origin and communication history of Ma Zu's belief are summarized, and then the origin of the "Lin's daughter" of Ma Zu is reinterpreted. This paper makes a new textual research on whether there was a Mazu Temple in Shandong in the Song Dynasty. Then, it combs the spread of the belief of Ma Zu in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In the first chapter, "the study on the Origin and Communication History of Ma Zu's Faith", the author summarizes and reviews the history and history of Ma Zu, Ma Zu culture and its research, and then analyzes and criticizes the formation of the theory of "Lin's daughter". Finally, in the form of tables, Ma Zu's history and lineage are arranged. This chapter not only gives an account of academic history, research frontier and some important research results, I also put forward some personal views. The author believes that Ma Zu was able to rise from a folk witch to a national god, and the belief of Ma Zu was able to prevail throughout the country, and to the court of all dynasties. The joint efforts of local and civil society cannot be separated. This is one of the successful examples of the Chinese society's movement to create gods. Since the first letter of Ma Zu's self-promotion and five-year period of 1123), the belief of Ma Zu has become an official belief, and its legendary stories have been recorded and circulated. Ma Zu's "Lin's daughter" birth theory of "imperial determination" and to "protect the country and protect the people" of the great powers of the stress, It is not only the ulterior motives of the ruling class, but also the social intervention and guidance of the official mainstream ideology (Confucianism) for Ma Zu. Chapter two "Geographical Distribution of Mazu Temple in Shandong Province", focusing on the discussion of this subject from the geographical point of view.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K29;G127

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